Contradiction in formula for motional EMF

  • #1
masteralien
36
2
TL;DR Summary
There seems to be a contradiction in the sign of the motional EMF for a spinning disk depending in the formula used
The formula for motional EMF is
$$\oint({\bf{v}}\times{\bf{B}})d{\bf{l}}=-\frac{d}{dt}\int{{\bf{B}}\cdot{\bf{\hat{n}}}da}$$However applying this for a rotating disk of radius a there seems to be a sign contradiction
$${\bf{v}}\times{\bf{B}}=\omega s{\bf{\hat{\varphi}}}\times B{\bf{\hat{z}}}=B\omega s {\bf{\hat{s}}}$$

$$\int^{a}_0{B\omega s}ds=\frac{1}{2}B\omega a^2$$Now doing it with the Double Integral by moving the derivative inside
$$
-\frac{d}{dt}\int^{2\pi}_0\int^{a}_0{Bsdsd\varphi}$$

$$\\\frac{d\varphi}{dt}=\omega$$

$$\\-\int^{a}_0{B\omega sds}=-\frac{1}{2}B\omega a^2$$

These expressions are similar but have the opposite sign why is this.

My question is why is there this contradiction here did I do something wrong like these formulas should be the same.
 
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  • #2
I take your OP illustrated in https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_17.html as 

1702169651553.png


Where is the area a or da of your RHS in this figure ?
 
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  • #3
anuttarasammyak said:
I take your OP illustrated in https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_17.html as 

View attachment 336999

Where is the area a or da of your RHS in this figure ?
Ur right if the disk rotates counterclockwise da should be negative as the curve which goes around the Area should have a downward orientation should have caught that.
 

FAQ: Contradiction in formula for motional EMF

What is motional EMF?

Motional EMF (Electromotive Force) is the voltage generated across a conductor moving through a magnetic field, which induces an electric current according to Faraday's Law of Induction.

How is motional EMF calculated?

Motional EMF is calculated using the formula EMF = B * l * v * sin(θ), where B is the magnetic field strength, l is the length of the conductor, v is the velocity of the conductor, and θ is the angle between the magnetic field and the velocity vector.

What is the contradiction in the formula for motional EMF?

The contradiction often arises from misunderstandings about the orientation and relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field. Specifically, confusion can occur regarding the direction of the induced EMF and the assumptions about the angle θ in the formula.

How can the contradiction in motional EMF be resolved?

The contradiction can be resolved by carefully analyzing the physical setup and ensuring that the right-hand rule is correctly applied to determine the direction of the induced EMF. It's also crucial to confirm that the angle θ is accurately measured between the velocity vector and the magnetic field.

Why is understanding motional EMF important in physics?

Understanding motional EMF is important because it is fundamental to the principles of electromagnetic induction, which underlie many technologies such as electric generators, transformers, and induction motors. It also provides insight into the relationship between electricity and magnetism.

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