Cooling Huge Magnets at CERN & Voltage Changes at Power Plants

[menniandscience]

1. how do they cool the (huge) magnets at CERN to -270 celsius degrees?
2. how a power planet can increse or decresse the electric potential difference (voltage)?
tthanksl

 

[Bob S]

1. See this thesis on the design of a small liquid helium refrigerator:
http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/7604
See also
http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/795005/files/lhc-project-report-796.pdf
This from the LHC Design Report has more detail:
https://edms.cern.ch/file/445856/5/Vol_1_Chapter_11.pdf
2. Increase feedback to the rotor (inductively coupled armature) in an alternator (18 to 24 pole) spinning at constant RPM (to maintain constant 50 or 60 Hz).
Bob S

 

[astrokreng]

1. The magnets at CERN are cooled using a process called cryogenics, which involves using extremely cold temperatures to achieve superconductivity. This is necessary to minimize resistance and allow the magnets to reach high magnetic fields without overheating. The cooling process begins with liquid helium, which is used to cool the magnets to -271.3 degrees Celsius, just 1.9 degrees above absolute zero. This extremely low temperature allows the magnets to operate at their desired strength and precision.

2. The electric potential difference, or voltage, at a power plant can be increased or decreased through various methods such as adjusting the output of generators, changing the number of turns in the transformer coils, or using power electronic devices. These methods can alter the flow of electricity and adjust the voltage to meet the needs of the power grid. It is important for power plants to be able to control the voltage to ensure a stable and efficient distribution of electricity to consumers.