Could there be new particles after the Universe reaches heat death?

In summary, the concept of new particles emerging after the Universe reaches heat death explores the possibility that, despite the Universe's state of maximum entropy and minimal energy, quantum fluctuations could still occur. These fluctuations might lead to the formation of new particles or phenomena, challenging our understanding of physics in a seemingly static and lifeless cosmos. This idea raises questions about the nature of reality and the potential for new physical processes to arise even in the absence of traditional energy sources.
  • #1
Suekdccia
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TL;DR Summary
Could there be new particles after the universe will reach heat death?
Apparently, among the options for the fate of the universe, the universe reaching heat death in the extremely far future is the most likely one, after the last black holes would have evaporated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_death_of_the_universe)

But, even if objects in extremely long timescales would quantum tunnel into black holes by quantum fluctuations, could there be also some quantum fluctuations that would make new particles to form (using the energy "leftovers" of the universe after heat death)? Or because energy (like electromagnetic radiation) will be redshifted, there will be a point where this would be impossible? Is there any "escape" or loop-hole to heat death?
 
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  • #2
As @PeterDonis said last time, "The answer to this is the same as the answer to all the other threads you have posted asking the same basic question."
 
  • #3
There is no way of answering this question since we have no accepted theoretical model. Thread closed.
 

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