Dark matter is a type of matter that does not interact with light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation, making it invisible to telescopes and other instruments. It is thought to make up about 27% of the total mass and energy in the universe, and its presence is inferred through its gravitational effects on visible matter.
Dark matter is studied through its gravitational effects on visible matter, such as the rotation of galaxies and the bending of light in gravitational lensing. Scientists also use a variety of techniques, including computer simulations and particle accelerators, to search for and study dark matter particles.
The current understanding is that dark matter is made up of particles that are different from the particles that make up visible matter. These particles are collectively referred to as "cold" dark matter, as they move at slow speeds compared to the speed of light. However, the exact nature of these particles is still a subject of ongoing research and debate among scientists.
Dark matter is closely related to the Big Bang theory, as it is believed to have been present since the very early stages of the universe's formation. In fact, it is thought that the distribution of dark matter played a crucial role in the formation of galaxies and large-scale structures in the universe.
In recent years, scientists have made progress in narrowing down the potential properties and characteristics of dark matter particles. Additionally, new observational techniques, such as using gravitational lensing to map the distribution of dark matter, have provided valuable insights into its nature. However, the mystery of dark matter and its role in the universe continues to be an active area of research and discovery.