Derivation of Rayleigh–Jeans law

In summary, the Rayleigh-Jeans law is a theoretical equation that describes the spectral energy density of blackbody radiation at different wavelengths. It was derived by Lord Rayleigh and Sir James Jeans in the late 19th and early 20th century, and is based on classical electromagnetic theory. The law accurately predicts the energy distribution of long-wavelength radiation, but fails to accurately describe the high-frequency behavior known as the "ultraviolet catastrophe". This led to the development of the more accurate Planck's law. Despite its limitations, the Rayleigh-Jeans law played an important role in the development of quantum mechanics and understanding the behavior of light.
  • #1
jonathanpun
6
0
I have read the derivation of the Rayleigh-Jeans law from:
http://www.cv.nrao.edu/course/astr534/BlackBodyRad.html

This derivation is quite similar to the derivation in my textbook.

My question is why the frequency/wavelength is quantized, but there still a d[itex]\nu[/itex] or d[itex]\lambda[/itex]. Not this "d" only apply to continuous variables?

And since the frequency is quantized, that means the emission spectrum is not continuous? But my textbook said "condensed state emits a continuous spectrum of radiation."
 
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  • #2
It's the energy which is quantized, not the frequency. You can have a photon of any frequency. But then E = n hω

(Derivations of this and other formulas often work in a large box of side L for convenience, to help with the normalization. In a box of side L the wavelength must be a submultiple of L. Afterwards, however, you let L -> ∞, and this restriction disappears.)
 

FAQ: Derivation of Rayleigh–Jeans law

1. What is the Rayleigh-Jeans law?

The Rayleigh-Jeans law is a theoretical equation that describes the spectral energy density of electromagnetic radiation at thermal equilibrium with matter. It was proposed by Lord Rayleigh and Sir James Jeans in the early 1900s as an attempt to explain the observed behavior of blackbody radiation.

2. How is the Rayleigh-Jeans law derived?

The Rayleigh-Jeans law is derived using classical physics and the assumption that all matter at thermal equilibrium emits radiation. The equation is based on the principles of wave motion and the equipartition theorem, which states that the average energy of each degree of freedom in a system is equal to kT, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature.

3. What is the limitation of the Rayleigh-Jeans law?

The Rayleigh-Jeans law accurately describes the behavior of low frequency electromagnetic radiation, but it fails at high frequencies. This failure, known as the ultraviolet catastrophe, was one of the major problems in classical physics that led to the development of quantum mechanics.

4. How does the Rayleigh-Jeans law compare to the Planck law?

The Rayleigh-Jeans law and the Planck law are two different theoretical equations that describe the spectral energy density of blackbody radiation. The Rayleigh-Jeans law is based on classical physics and the Planck law is based on quantum mechanics. The main difference between the two is that the Planck law accurately describes the behavior of both low and high frequency radiation, while the Rayleigh-Jeans law fails at high frequencies.

5. Why is the Rayleigh-Jeans law important?

The Rayleigh-Jeans law was an important step in understanding the behavior of blackbody radiation and the relationship between temperature and the emission of electromagnetic radiation. It also played a role in highlighting the limitations of classical physics and the need for a new theory, which eventually led to the development of quantum mechanics.

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