Designing best theoretical sax/clarinet mouthpiece ligand

In summary, the conversation is about designing a ligature for a clarinet mouthpiece made out of string material. The purpose is to create a cost-effective option with good acoustic qualities for students. The two main design options being discussed are wrapping a string around the mouthpiece and creating a hexagonal support system for the reed. The question is whether the ligature will have a significant impact on the sound quality, as the player's lower lip pressure on the reed is more influential. Other considerations include the distance between the reed and mouthpiece and using a mouthpiece designed for a string ligature. The conversation also touches on the influence of materials and the potential for a breathy sound with the suggested design.
  • #1
matthieu1973
7
1
Hey to all..

I am in the process of designing a ligand for a clarinet mouthpiece for my own use created only out of string material (braided kevlar).

For those uninformed (like me a few weeks ago) saxophone/clarinets are instruments where the vibration of the standing wave through the instrument is produced by a reed that is tied with a ligand to a mouthpiece over an opening (window).

The surface where the reed is tied to consist of three parts. A closed part (behind the window) where the back part of the reed is tied on, a rail part where only the sides of the reed are supported and a part where the reed (tip) can vibrated until it closes the window.. looses it's airflow.. so it opens again.. continuing the vibration cycle. (yes I realize there is a lot more to it but this is supposed to be just a simple explanation on the setup)

Now there is a lots of money going on in the ligand business and I am on the path of designing a ligand that can be home made by anyone and has the best (better) acoustic and practical qualities compared to the expensive once on the market. After which I want to throw it on instructables to help out other students like me.

Before I get to the practical part of the design I need to figure out which of the basic setup ideas I (and everyone else's basically) am playing with would constitute as the theoretical BEST acoustically.

1) first idea is basically the simple Idea of wrapping a string around the reed and the mouthpiece (which is basically a tube through which the standing wave travels). This has been the old method and is still considered to have a relative "superior" acoustic qualities, but one have to take in account the low cost. Unfortunately it has many practical issues people, specifically students deal with.

2) second idea is to create a hexagonal (6 point) support system around, where the string is only touching the support system and the reed of course and not the mouthpiece itself, the reed and the support system touch the mouthpiece and less strings would be involved.

Option 1 basically re-creates the tube like structure of the mouthpiece with the string and would have similar acoustic qualities, as the tube vibrates, the string would move along.

Option 2, does not create another tube directly around the mouthpiece but the force is put on the 6 small parts of the tube, with no other interaction then the required resting place of the reed itself. Which IMHO would influence the acoustics. The question though is, would it be influenced in a positive or negative manor. (which is an entire other discussion, that is keeping audiophiles entertained for decades now). So personally I tend to go for option 1, but the more expensive ligands tend to go for a design more like option 2.. IMHO the reasoning for this is that it is easier to really tighten the 2nd option plus when using shiny gold stuff as support bars it is easy to charge more money (psychology introduced into the reasoning here).

As I tend to design the support structure of the string material itself.. If I go for option 2, I feel it might have less influence compared to hard materials.

So any thoughts on these reasonings?

Kind greats

Matthieu
 
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  • #2
Just a few comments from an old clarinetist:

You will have to experiment to determine what has the best sound. The player will use pressure on the reed with the lower lip when playing and this determines the length of the vibrating portion of the reed, rather than the ligature. So I am not sure how much the ligature will contribute to the sound.

I think you will find that if you increase the distance between the reed and the mouthpiece as you seem to be suggesting that you will get a rather breathy sound.

If you are going to use a string ligature, you should start with a mouthpiece that is designed for a string ligature (ie. has grooves for the string all along the ligature). This keeps the string (and reed) from sliding along the mouthpiece. If you use a string on a mouthpiece designed for a metal clamp ligature, the string will have to be very tight to keep the reed and string from sliding. This could defeat the purpose of a string ligature, which, I would think, is to allow a broader frequency range for the reed, especially on low notes, which enriches the sound quality.

AM
 
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FAQ: Designing best theoretical sax/clarinet mouthpiece ligand

What materials are best for designing a theoretical sax/clarinet mouthpiece ligand?

The best materials for designing a theoretical sax/clarinet mouthpiece ligand are typically those that offer a balance of durability, ease of fabrication, and acoustic properties. Common materials include hard rubber (ebonite), metal (such as brass or stainless steel), and high-quality plastics or composites. Each material affects the sound and playability differently, so the choice depends on the desired tonal characteristics and the player's preference.

How does the shape of the mouthpiece affect the sound of the sax/clarinet?

The shape of the mouthpiece, including the facing curve, tip opening, and chamber design, significantly affects the sound of the sax/clarinet. A larger tip opening generally provides a louder and more flexible sound, while a smaller tip opening offers more control and ease of play. The chamber size and shape influence the timbre and projection, with larger chambers producing a darker, fuller sound and smaller chambers offering a brighter, more focused tone.

What role does the ligature play in the performance of a sax/clarinet mouthpiece?

The ligature holds the reed against the mouthpiece and plays a crucial role in the instrument's response and sound production. Different ligature materials and designs can affect the reed's vibration and the overall sound. For example, metal ligatures tend to provide a brighter, more direct sound, while fabric or leather ligatures offer a warmer, more mellow tone. The fit and tension of the ligature are also important for achieving optimal performance.

How can computer modeling aid in designing the best theoretical sax/clarinet mouthpiece ligand?

Computer modeling can significantly aid in designing the best theoretical sax/clarinet mouthpiece ligand by allowing scientists to simulate and analyze various design parameters without the need for physical prototypes. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be used to study airflow and acoustic properties, while Finite Element Analysis (FEA) can help in understanding the material stresses and deformations. These simulations enable designers to optimize the mouthpiece's shape, material, and other characteristics for the desired performance outcomes.

What are the key factors to consider when designing a mouthpiece for different playing styles?

When designing a mouthpiece for different playing styles, key factors to consider include the tip opening, facing length, chamber design, and material. Classical players often prefer mouthpieces with smaller tip openings and longer facings for greater control and a focused sound. Jazz and contemporary players might opt for larger tip openings and shorter facings to achieve a more flexible, powerful sound. The chamber design also plays a role, with larger chambers typically favored for a warmer, richer tone and smaller chambers for a brighter, more projecting sound. Material choice can further tailor the mouthpiece to the specific needs of the

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