Determine the order of a subset of S_n

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In summary, the order of the set X is determined by subtracting 1 from the total number of bijective functions in set S and then finding all possible combinations of elements that do not map to themselves. This can be calculated using combinations and factorials. In this case, there are 9 functions that satisfy the requirements of X. The general case can be determined by researching 'derangements'.
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minor_embedding
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Homework Statement


We have a set S = {a,b,c,d} and a set X such that X = {##f:S \rightarrow S| ## f is bijective and ## f(x) \neq x## for each ##x \in S##}. What is the order of the set?

2. Attempt at Solution/My Reasoning

The order of the set of all bijective functions is simply the 4!. There is one element of set of all bijective functions such that f(x) = x, so we subtract 1 from the order of that set.

Now we keep one element set equal to itself and find all functions such that only that element returns itself. Then you have 3 spots in which the other elements can be mapped to. However, you don't want an element to be mapped to itself so you only have 2 ways in which you can complete this. So you have ## {4 \choose 3} \cdot 2!## ways in which you can do this. Where ##{4 \choose 3}## is the number of ways you can choose that one element.

Next we keep two elements equal to themselves and find all functions where the other two are not. So we have only 1 way in which they can be mapped so then we have ##{4 \choose 2} \cdot 1!## functions such that this is true.

In total we should have 9 functions that satisfy the requirements of X. Is my way of thinking about this right? How can we generally determine the order of this subset of functions?
 
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Yes, it's correct. Permutations like this are called 'derangements'. You can Google that if you want the general case.
 

FAQ: Determine the order of a subset of S_n

What is S_n in the context of determining the order of a subset?

S_n refers to the symmetric group of order n, which is a mathematical concept used in abstract algebra to represent the group of all permutations of n distinct objects.

How is the order of a subset in S_n determined?

The order of a subset in S_n is determined by counting the number of elements in the subset. The order is equal to the number of elements in the subset, and it can range from 1 to n! (the total number of permutations in S_n).

Can the order of a subset in S_n be greater than n?

No, the order of a subset in S_n cannot be greater than n. This is because S_n represents all possible permutations of n distinct objects, so the maximum number of elements in a subset would be n.

How does the order of a subset in S_n relate to the order of S_n itself?

The order of a subset in S_n is a divisor of the order of S_n. This means that the order of S_n can be divided evenly by the order of any subset in S_n.

Can two subsets in S_n have the same order?

Yes, two subsets in S_n can have the same order. This is because the order of a subset is determined by the number of elements in the subset, and there can be multiple subsets with the same number of elements in S_n.

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