Difference between spin and helicity for a photon

In summary, according to the wikipedia article, "The magnitude of its spin is √(2ħ) and the component measured along its direction of motion, its helicity, must be ± ħ." This means that the spin and helicity of a photon would have the same sign, but could have the helicity being the opposite sign of the spin.
  • #1
nomadreid
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First: a question about spin. When we say that an electron has spin 1/2, we mean that it can have the values ħ/2 or -ħ/2. So when we say that a photon has spin 1, I would expect this to mean that the measurement of a photon would give values either ħ or -ħ. But then I am confused by the following :
"The magnitude of its spin is √(2ħ) ..."
(from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon)

Further, when I continue reading that sentence:
"The magnitude of its spin is √(2ħ) and the component measured along its direction of motion, its helicity, must be ± ħ."
(still from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon)
and then compare it to the following pair of quotes:
"helicity is the projection of the Spin S onto the direction of momentum, p,..."
(from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicity_(particle_physics))
"a photon's spin must be exactly aligned with its momentum..."
(from http://physics.unl.edu/~tgay/content/CPE.html)

The last two quotes together makes it sound as if spin would be the same as helicity for a photon,

Furthermore, I read,
"For a particle of spin S, the eigenvalues of helicity are S, S − 1, ..., − S. The measured helicity of a spin S particle will range from − S to + S."
(again from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicity_(particle_physics))
So for a photon , this would say that helicity can be in { -1, 0, 1}, but:
(a) can a photon's helicity have a value 0?
(b) If the measurement of a photon's spin would give one of two values, one positive and one negative, would the spin and the helicity have the same sign, or could you have the helicity being the opposite sign of the spin?

I would be grateful to anyone clearing any or all of these questions up.
 
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  • #3
Many thanks, Simon.
 

FAQ: Difference between spin and helicity for a photon

What is the difference between spin and helicity for a photon?

The spin of a photon refers to its intrinsic angular momentum, which is always equal to 1. The helicity of a photon refers to the projection of its spin onto its direction of motion. This means that a photon can have either a left-handed or right-handed helicity, depending on the direction of its spin relative to its direction of motion.

How are spin and helicity related?

Spin and helicity are related in that they both refer to the angular momentum of a photon. However, while spin is an intrinsic property of the photon, helicity is a measure of the projection of this spin onto the direction of motion. Therefore, they are not interchangeable terms and should not be used interchangeably.

Can a photon have both spin and helicity?

Yes, a photon can have both spin and helicity. As mentioned earlier, the spin of a photon is always equal to 1, while its helicity can be either left-handed or right-handed. This means that a photon can have spin and either left-handed or right-handed helicity, or spin and no helicity (when its spin is perpendicular to its direction of motion).

How is the spin of a photon measured?

The spin of a photon is a quantum mechanical property that cannot be directly measured. However, it can be inferred through its interactions with other particles. For example, the polarization of a photon can be used to determine its spin.

Does the spin and helicity of a photon affect its behavior?

Yes, the spin and helicity of a photon can affect its behavior, particularly in interactions with other particles. For example, the helicity of a photon can determine whether it will participate in certain types of interactions, such as the weak interaction. Additionally, the spin and helicity of a photon can also affect its polarization, which can impact its behavior in certain optical systems.

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