thx!The mind is clear now,but I don't under stand the lower half diagramFredGarvin said:Do you have a stress-strain diagram for copper? The modulus is the relation between the two (it is the slope of the plot). In other words, the modulus is the stiffness. When stretched, it will remain constant for a certain range (the elastic range). Once it passes that limit, it will not remain constant.
Generic Stress-Strain Curve:
A solid is a state of matter characterized by molecules that are tightly packed together and have a fixed shape and volume.
Solids have a fixed shape and volume, while liquids take on the shape of their container and gases have no fixed shape or volume. Solids also have stronger intermolecular forces compared to liquids and gases.
Some common properties of solids include rigidity, high density, low compressibility, and resistance to flow. They also have definite melting and boiling points.
Solids can be classified into four main types: molecular solids, covalent network solids, metallic solids, and ionic solids. Each type has unique properties and is held together by different types of intermolecular forces.
Solids have a wide range of uses in everyday life. They are used to make buildings and structures, as well as household items such as furniture and appliances. Many solids are also used in manufacturing processes, such as metals for cars and plastics for packaging. In addition, some solids have specialized uses, such as semiconductors in electronic devices and ceramics in dental implants.