Does Group Velocity Equal Particle Velocity in Relativistic Physics?

In summary, the conversation discusses using relativistic expressions for total energy and momentum to verify that the group velocity of a matter wave is equal to the velocity of the associated particle. The equations used include E^{2} = (pc)^{2} + (mc^{2})^{2}, p = hbar * k, E = hbar * \omega, and vg = \frac{\partial \omega}{\partial k}. The attempt at a solution includes a comparison to the Wikipedia article, but there is confusion about the final step and the use of a plus or minus sign in the Lorentz factor.
  • #1
CoreyJKelly
12
0

Homework Statement



"Use relativistic expressions for total energy and momentum to verify that the group velocity vg of a matter wave equals the velocity v of the associated particle."


Homework Equations



E[tex]^{2}[/tex] = (pc)[tex]^{2}[/tex] + (mc[tex]^{2}[/tex])[tex]^{2}[/tex]

p = hbar * k

E = hbar * [tex]\omega[/tex]

vg = [tex]\frac{\partial \omega}{\partial k}[/tex]

The Attempt at a Solution



So I know how to do this, and I've seen the solution written out in many places (the Wikipedia article for 'group velocity', for example), but the final step of these derivations only works if the lorentz factor has a plus sign instead of a minus sign. My answer has a plus sign, and I'm not sure how i can justify writing it as the relativistic velocity... any ideas?
 
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  • #2
The Wikipedia article does this: \frac{dE}{dk} = \frac{d}{dk} \sqrt{p^{2}c^{2} + m^{2}c^{4}} = \frac{pc^{2}}{\sqrt{p^{2}c^{2} + m^{2}c^{4}}}v_{g} = \frac{d\omega}{dk} = \frac{dE}{dk}/\hbar = \frac{pc^{2}}{\hbar \sqrt{p^{2}c^{2} + m^{2}c^{4}}} = \frac{pc}{\hbar \sqrt{1 + (mc^{2}/pc)^{2}}} = \frac{pc}{\hbar \gamma} = v_{p}The only difference in my derivation is that the last step says vg = \frac{pc}{\hbar \gamma} = -v_{p}. Where did the plus sign go? EDIT: I think I understand what happened now, but if anyone can provide more of an explanation that would be great. Thanks!
 

FAQ: Does Group Velocity Equal Particle Velocity in Relativistic Physics?

What is the concept of relativistic group velocity?

Relativistic group velocity is a concept in physics that describes the speed at which a group of particles or waves appear to move. It takes into account the effects of special relativity, such as time dilation and length contraction.

How does relativistic group velocity differ from classical group velocity?

Unlike classical group velocity, relativistic group velocity takes into account the velocity of the observer and the effects of special relativity. This means that the observed velocity of a group of particles or waves can differ from the individual velocities of those particles or waves.

What is the equation for calculating relativistic group velocity?

The equation for relativistic group velocity is vg = c2 / (c2 - v2), where v is the velocity of the observer and c is the speed of light in a vacuum.

Can relativistic group velocity be greater than the speed of light?

No, according to the theory of special relativity, the speed of light is the maximum possible speed in the universe. Therefore, relativistic group velocity can never exceed the speed of light.

What are some real-world applications of relativistic group velocity?

Relativistic group velocity is important in fields such as particle physics, where the velocity of subatomic particles must be taken into account. It also has applications in the study of electromagnetic waves, such as in the design of high-speed communication systems.

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