Effects of different starting Temperatures on sulfuric acid dilution

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  • Thread starter LEO31
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LEO31
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Homework Statement
Show the effects of different water temperatures on the dilution of 98% (w/w) H2SO4.
Relevant Equations
spreadsheet attached
I've been able to make a spreadsheet showing how the temperature changes depending on the final H2SO4 concentration in the diluite solution, but only if both the starting 98% acid and water are at ambient temperature. I'd like to figure out how to account for the difference in temperature of the starting acid (at different concentrations) and water.

For example: by starting with 98% (w/w) Acid at 323.15 °K and adding ambient temperature water
but also: by starting with 70% (w/w) Acid at 323.15 °K and adding water (@T≠ambient temperature)

The only way I've found so far is to rely on some sort of graph such as the ones attached, which I know to be correct but I'd like know if there's a way to get a more accurate result without point guessing at a graph. Thanks !

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Attachments

  • Calcolo_diluizione.xlsx
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FAQ: Effects of different starting Temperatures on sulfuric acid dilution

1. How does starting temperature affect the dilution of sulfuric acid?

The starting temperature can significantly influence the rate of dilution and the heat generated during the mixing process. Higher starting temperatures may lead to faster dissolution and increased heat production, which can affect the safety and efficiency of the dilution process.

2. What safety precautions should be taken when diluting sulfuric acid at different temperatures?

When diluting sulfuric acid, it is crucial to wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and lab coats. Additionally, always add acid to water, not the other way around, to minimize the risk of exothermic reactions that can occur at higher temperatures.

3. Are there any specific temperature ranges that are optimal for diluting sulfuric acid?

Generally, diluting sulfuric acid at room temperature (around 20-25°C) is considered safe and effective. However, if higher temperatures are used, careful control and monitoring are necessary to prevent excessive heat generation and potential hazards.

4. What are the physical changes observed during the dilution of sulfuric acid at varying temperatures?

During the dilution process, the solution may experience changes in viscosity, density, and temperature. Higher starting temperatures can lead to a more rapid decrease in viscosity and an increase in temperature due to the exothermic nature of the reaction.

5. How does the concentration of sulfuric acid influence the effects of starting temperature during dilution?

The concentration of sulfuric acid plays a critical role in the dilution process. More concentrated solutions generate more heat upon dilution, and this heat can be exacerbated by higher starting temperatures, increasing the risk of splattering or boiling. Proper techniques and gradual dilution are essential to manage these risks.

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