Electric Field of Single-Battery Circuit with Thin/Thick Wires

In summary, the conversation discusses a circuit with a single battery and three wires of different cross-sectional areas. By using the appropriate equations and taking into account the electron mobility and density, the magnitude of the electric field at location D can be calculated. The electron current at location D in steady state can also be determined by using the equation i = naME.
  • #1
DeadFishFactory
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Homework Statement



19-072-ProblemThinSection.jpg


The circuit shown above consists of a single battery, whose emf is 1.4 V, and three wires made of the same material, but having different cross-sectional areas. Each thick wire has cross-sectional area 1.4e-6 m2, and is 21 cm long. The thin wire has cross-sectional area 6.4e-8 m2, and is 7.5 cm long. In this metal, the electron mobility is 6e-4 (m/s)/(V/m), and there are 8e+28 mobile electrons/m3.

Use the appropriate equation(s), plus the equation relating electron current to electric field, to solve for the factor that goes in the blank below:
EF = ? * EDUse the appropriate equation(s) to calculate the magnitude of ED
ED = ?Use the appropriate equation(s) to calculate the electron current at location D in the steady state

Homework Equations


?

The Attempt at a Solution


Already tried it, and I can't do it. E = emf/L doesn't work here.

I've looked everywhere to try and find equations that can help me solve it, or at least relate the thin and thick wire. My physics book seems to skip this whole section (I'm using a different physics book than my class, which kind of sux for me, but I didn't want to buy another one).
 
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  • #2
I solved it all on my own. I'll post the solution here so people will know how to do it if they come across it.

i = naME
i = electron current
n = electron density
a = area
M = electron mobility
E = electric field
For the thin and thick wire, the electron current for both of them is constant. So you can put the two together.
nA(thick)ME(thick) = nA(thin)ME(thin)
A(thick)E(thick) = A(thin)E(thin), n and M are constants, too.
E(thick) = [A(thin)/A(thick)]E(thin)
A(thin) = 6.4E-8 m^2
A(thick) = 1.4E-6 m^2
E(thick) = 0.046E(thin)

You have the equation:
0 = 1.4 - EF*0.21 - ED*0.075 - EF*0.21 [Found by applying the Loop Rule]
E(thick) = 0.046E(thin).
So, EF = E(thick) and ED = E(thin) from the diagram. Plug it in.
0 = 1.4 - 2(0.21)(0.046)E(thin)
E(thin) = 14.8 V/M

You have i=naME to find i. So plug that in.
M = 6E-4
n = 8E28
A(thin) = 6.4E-8
E = 14.8
i = (6E-4)(8E28)(6.4E-8)(14.8) = 4.5E19 electrons / second
 
  • #3
0 = 1.4 - 2(0.21)(0.046)E(thin)
E(thin) = 14.8 V/M

If you solve that you don't get 14.8, your def missing something here!
 

FAQ: Electric Field of Single-Battery Circuit with Thin/Thick Wires

What is an electric field?

An electric field is a force field that surrounds an electric charge or group of charges. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

How is the electric field of a single-battery circuit with thin/thick wires calculated?

The electric field of a single-battery circuit with thin/thick wires can be calculated using the formula E = V/d, where E is the electric field strength, V is the voltage of the battery, and d is the distance between the wires.

What is the difference between thin and thick wires in an electric circuit?

Thin wires have a smaller diameter and therefore have a higher resistance. Thick wires, on the other hand, have a larger diameter and lower resistance. This can affect the magnitude of the electric field in the circuit.

How does the electric field change when a battery is added to a circuit?

When a battery is added to a circuit, it creates an electric potential difference, which causes charges to move and creates an electric field. The magnitude and direction of the electric field may change depending on the location of the battery and the resistance of the wires.

Can the electric field in a single-battery circuit with thin/thick wires be altered?

Yes, the electric field in a single-battery circuit with thin/thick wires can be altered by changing the voltage of the battery, changing the distance between the wires, or by adding or removing components from the circuit.

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