An infinite line charge is a hypothetical charge distribution that extends infinitely in one direction. It is often used as a simplified model in physics and engineering calculations.
Electric potential is a measure of the potential energy per unit charge at a specific point in an electric field. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in volts (V).
The electric potential at a point near an infinite line charge can be calculated using the formula V = kλ/2πε0r, where V is the electric potential, k is Coulomb's constant, λ is the linear charge density of the line charge, ε0 is the permittivity of free space, and r is the distance from the point to the line charge.
Electric potential and electric field are related by the equation E = -∇V, where E is the electric field, V is the electric potential, and ∇ is the gradient operator. This means that the electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential.
The electric potential decreases as distance from the line charge increases. This is because the electric potential is inversely proportional to the distance from the charge, meaning that as distance increases, the potential decreases.