Electric potential is a measure of the potential energy that a charged particle has at a certain point in an electric field. It is typically measured in volts (V) and is a scalar quantity.
To calculate electric potential, the formula V = k(q/r) is used, where V is the electric potential, k is the Coulomb's constant, q is the charge of the particle, and r is the distance from the particle.
If two charges are of the same sign, their electric potential will have the same sign and will repel each other. If two charges are of opposite signs, their electric potential will have opposite signs and will attract each other.
The electric field is the gradient of the electric potential, meaning that the direction of the electric field is in the direction of decreasing electric potential. This relationship is described by the formula E = -∇V, where E is the electric field and ∇V is the gradient of the electric potential.
The electric potential of two charges is inversely proportional to the distance between the charges. This means that as the distance between the charges increases, the electric potential decreases, and vice versa.