Electrical conductivity is the measure of how well a material can conduct electricity. It is a physical property that determines how easily an electric current can pass through a material.
Electrical conductivity is typically measured in units of siemens per meter (S/m). This is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity, which is measured in ohm-meters (Ω-m). The higher the value of electrical conductivity, the better the material is at conducting electricity.
Several factors can affect the electrical conductivity of a metal, including temperature, impurities, and crystal structure. Generally, metals have higher electrical conductivity at lower temperatures and when they are pure. The presence of impurities can also decrease the electrical conductivity of a metal.
Thermal conductivity is the measure of how well a material can conduct heat. It is a physical property that determines how easily heat can be transferred through a material.
In general, materials that are good conductors of electricity are also good conductors of heat. This is because both electrical and thermal conductivity depend on the ability of a material to transfer energy through the movement of electrons.