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Electromagnetic induction is the process of generating an electromotive force (emf) in a circuit by varying the magnetic field that passes through the circuit.
Emf is produced when there is a change in the magnetic flux passing through a conductor, such as a wire. This change in flux induces a current in the conductor, generating an emf.
Faraday's law states that the magnitude of the induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through a conductor. It is given by the equation: emf = -N(dΦ/dt), where N is the number of turns in the conductor and dΦ/dt is the rate of change of magnetic flux.
Some common applications of electromagnetic induction include generators, transformers, electric motors, and various household appliances such as refrigerators and washing machines.
Self-inductance is the ability of a circuit to generate an emf in itself when the current passing through it changes. This phenomenon is closely related to electromagnetic induction, as both involve the production of emf through changes in magnetic flux.