Elements with exceptional electronic configuration

In summary, when studying how atoms combine, we typically only consider the outermost shell because it is the only one not completely filled. However, in cases where there are exceptional electronic configurations, such as Rh with a configuration of 4s2 4p6 4d8 5s2, the exact ground state of the elements does not significantly impact their reactivity. Instead, predictions can be based on the "ideal" configuration, as the small energy differences between orbitals involved do not greatly affect the chemistry of these elements. This can be seen in the configurations of copper and chromium, which deviate from Madelung's rule but still follow the "naive" approach due to the small energy differences between predicted and experiment
  • #1
babita
61
0
1. Homework Statement [/b

Some elements having exceptional electronic configuration have 2 shells having e not completely filled.
Like Rh has configuration 4s2 4p6 4d8 5s2
now when we study how atoms combine we consider only the outermost shell because it is the only one not filled completely
what happens in cases like above?



Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution

 
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  • #2
Exact ground states of the elements don't matter much when it comes to the way they react. You can base your predictions on the configuration "that would be". Reason behind is that these exceptional configurations mean a very small energy difference between orbitals involved.
 
  • #3
Do you mean we can consider the above configuration as 4s2 4p6 4d10 ?
 
  • #4
Please elaborate on what you are trying to do.
 
  • #5
You can base your predictions on the configuration "that would be"
what do you mean by this?
 
  • #6
When you look at configurations of copper and chromium, they are different from what you would expect applying Madelung's rule. However, the differences in energy between both predicted and experimentally determined configurations are so small, chemistry of both elements mostly follows the "naive" approach.
 

FAQ: Elements with exceptional electronic configuration

What are "Elements with exceptional electronic configuration"?

Elements with exceptional electronic configuration refer to atoms that have a unique arrangement of electrons in their outermost energy level, or valence shell. These elements deviate from the typical electron configuration patterns observed in the periodic table.

How do elements with exceptional electronic configuration differ from other elements?

Unlike other elements, which typically follow the octet rule and have complete or nearly complete valence shells, elements with exceptional electronic configuration have incomplete or half-filled valence shells. This makes them chemically and physically distinct from other elements.

What are some examples of elements with exceptional electronic configuration?

Some examples of elements with exceptional electronic configuration include chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and molybdenum (Mo). These elements have a unique arrangement of electrons in their outermost energy level, which allows them to exhibit unique chemical and physical properties.

Why do elements with exceptional electronic configuration have unique properties?

The unique properties of elements with exceptional electronic configuration are due to the arrangement of electrons in their valence shells. The incomplete or half-filled valence shells make these elements more reactive and able to form stable compounds with other elements.

What are the practical applications of elements with exceptional electronic configuration?

Elements with exceptional electronic configuration have various practical applications in industries such as electronics, metallurgy, and medicine. For example, copper is used in electrical wiring, chromium is used in stainless steel production, and molybdenum is used in high-strength alloys and catalysts.

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