Equation for the Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field

In summary, the problem involves two particles with mass and positive charge that are separated by a distance and one is released and repelled. The challenge is to find an equation for the motion of the particle, taking into account the time-dependent variable r. This involves using conservation of total energy and integrating the equation to find a function of r and t.
  • #1
BOYLANATOR
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Homework Statement


This is a problem I was thinking about which I haven't come across in my course.

Two particles with mass, m, and a positive charge, q, are separated by a distance r0. One particle is unable to move while the other is released and is repelled. Find an equation for the motion of the particle.

Homework Equations


F=q2/cr2

a=F/m

The Attempt at a Solution



The problem I have in working out the acceleration at any time here is that r is a time dependent variable.
Although this seems like a pretty important thing to know how to calculate I end up going around in circles with the maths.
 
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  • #2
This is not a simple problem. Even if we assume that the accelerating particle does not radiate energy (which in reality it would do), we still end up with a differential equation. You can get this equation from conservation of total energy. The resultant equation can be integrated, but it will be a complicated expression, where the distance depends on time implicitly.
 
  • #3
You can easily find the velocity at some position r via the change in potential energy that occurs in moving from position ro to new position r. That'll give you some expression:

##v = \sqrt{f(r)}##

where f(r) is a function of r (it's for you so work out!).

Then make v = dr/dt, shuffle to group the appropriate variables and integrate both sides. That'll leave you with an expression of the form t = g(r), for g some function of r (again, for you to work out).

As for finding r in terms of t, that is, r(t), well you might find that solving t = g(r) for r is not trivial. Good luck!
 

FAQ: Equation for the Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field

What is the motion of charged particles in a magnetic field?

The motion of charged particles in a magnetic field is circular, as they experience a force perpendicular to both their velocity and the magnetic field direction. This is known as the Lorentz force.

How does the motion of charged particles differ in an electric field?

In an electric field, charged particles experience a force in the direction of the field, causing them to accelerate. The resulting motion can be linear or curved, depending on the direction and strength of the electric field.

How does the mass of a charged particle affect its motion in a magnetic field?

The mass of a charged particle does not affect its motion in a magnetic field, as the force is solely dependent on the particle's charge and velocity. However, a larger mass may make it more difficult for the particle to change direction.

Can the motion of charged particles be controlled?

Yes, the motion of charged particles can be controlled by manipulating the strength and direction of magnetic and electric fields. This is used in technologies such as particle accelerators and MRI machines.

What is the significance of the motion of charged particles?

The motion of charged particles is significant in many areas of physics, including electromagnetism, plasma physics, and particle physics. It is also important in practical applications such as electricity and magnetism, as well as in understanding natural phenomena such as auroras and solar wind.

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