Equations of motion for Lagrangian of scalar QED

In summary, the equations of motion for the Lagrangian of scalar quantum electrodynamics (QED) describe the dynamics of charged scalar fields interacting with an electromagnetic field. These equations are derived from the principle of least action and incorporate the effects of gauge invariance and charge conservation. The resulting motion equations provide insights into particle dynamics, field interactions, and the behavior of scalar fields under electromagnetic influences, offering a framework for analyzing quantum field phenomena in the context of scalar QED.
  • #1
BobaJ
38
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Homework Statement
I have the Lagrangian for scalar electrodynamics given by:
$$\mathcal{L}=-\frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}(x)F^{\mu\nu}(x)+(D_\mu\varphi(x))^*(D^\mu\varphi(x))-V(\varphi^*(x)\varphi(x)) $$
where ##F_{\mu\nu}(x)=\partial_\mu A_\nu(x)-\partial_\nu A_\mu(x)## is the electromagnetic field strength tensor, ##D_\mu=\partial_\mu+ieA_\mu## ist the covariant derivative, e is the electric charge and ##V(\varphi^*\varphi)=m^2\varphi^*\varphi+\lambda(\varphi^*\varphi)^2## is the potential of the scalar field.

I have to determine the equations of motion for both the complex scalar field ##\varphi## and the electromagnetic field ##A_\mu## by using the Euler-Lagrange equations.
Relevant Equations
Now I know, that because the scalar field is complex it has twice the degrees of freedom so I get two equations of motion (?). They should be given by:
$$\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial\varphi}-\partial_\mu\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu \varphi)}=0$$ and $$\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial\varphi^*}-\partial_\mu\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial_\mu \varphi^*)}=0.$$

For the electromagnetic field $A_\mu$ it should just be:
$$\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial A_\mu}-\partial_\rho\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial(\partial_\rho A_\mu)}=0.$$
Well, I started with the first equation of motion for the scalar field, but I'm really not sure if I'm doing it the right way.

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial \varphi} &= \frac{\partial}{\partial \varphi} [(\partial_\mu \varphi^* - ieA_\mu\varphi^*) (\partial_\mu\varphi+ieA_\mu\varphi)-m^2\varphi^*\varphi-\lambda(\varphi^*\varphi)^2]\\
&= \frac{\partial}{\partial \varphi} [\partial_\mu\varphi^*\partial_\mu\varphi + ieA_\mu\varphi\partial_\mu\varphi^*-ieA_\mu\varphi^*\partial_\mu\varphi+e^2A_\mu\varphi^*\varphi-m^2\varphi^*\varphi-\lambda(\varphi^*\varphi)^2] \\
&= ieA_\mu\partial_\mu\varphi^*+e^2A_\mu\varphi^*-m^2\varphi^*-2\lambda(\varphi^*)^2\varphi
\end{split}
\end{equation}

and

\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\partial_\mu \frac{\partial \mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_\mu \varphi} &= \partial_\mu\frac{\partial}{\partial (\partial_\mu\varphi)}[\partial_\mu\varphi^*\partial_\mu\varphi + ieA_\mu\varphi\partial_\mu\varphi^*-ieA_\mu\varphi^*\partial_\mu\varphi+e^2A_\mu\varphi^*\varphi-m^2\varphi^*\varphi-\lambda(\varphi^*\varphi)^2] \\
&= \partial_\mu [\partial_\mu\varphi^*-ieA_\mu\varphi^*]
\end{split}
\end{equation}

Does this at least go in the right direction? I'm really unsure. Thanks for your help. I appreciate it.
 
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  • #2
This looks correct, except that the term in the last line of equation (1) proportional to A*phi should be A^2*phi.. The term involving the 4-divergence of the vector potential can be set to zero by adopting a particular gauge.
 

FAQ: Equations of motion for Lagrangian of scalar QED

What is scalar QED?

Scalar Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) is a theoretical framework that describes the interaction between scalar fields and electromagnetic fields. In this context, the scalar field is a complex scalar field, which can represent charged particles such as charged bosons. The theory combines the principles of quantum mechanics with the electromagnetic interaction, allowing for the study of particle dynamics and interactions in a quantum field setting.

What are the equations of motion derived from the Lagrangian in scalar QED?

The equations of motion in scalar QED can be derived from the Euler-Lagrange equations, which are obtained from the Lagrangian density of the system. The Lagrangian for scalar QED typically includes terms for the kinetic energy of the scalar field, the potential energy, and the interaction with the electromagnetic field. The resulting equations of motion describe how the scalar field evolves in the presence of electromagnetic fields, incorporating both the effects of the scalar field dynamics and the gauge fields.

How does gauge invariance play a role in scalar QED?

Gauge invariance is a fundamental principle in quantum field theories, including scalar QED. It ensures that the physical predictions of the theory do not depend on the choice of gauge. In scalar QED, the Lagrangian is constructed to be invariant under local U(1) gauge transformations, which correspond to changes in the phase of the scalar field. This invariance leads to the introduction of the electromagnetic field and the covariant derivative, which incorporates the interaction between the scalar field and the gauge field.

What is the significance of the mass term in the scalar QED Lagrangian?

The mass term in the scalar QED Lagrangian is crucial as it determines the mass of the scalar particles represented by the field. In the Lagrangian, the mass term typically takes the form of a quadratic term in the scalar field. This mass term affects the propagation of the scalar particles and influences the dynamics of the system, including the stability of the vacuum state and the behavior of particles under interactions with electromagnetic fields.

Can scalar QED be used to describe physical phenomena?

Yes, scalar QED can be used to describe various physical phenomena, particularly in contexts where scalar particles are relevant. It provides a framework for studying processes such as particle-antiparticle creation and annihilation, scattering processes, and the interaction of charged scalar particles with external electromagnetic fields. Scalar QED serves as a simplified model that can help understand more complex theories, including those involving fermions and gauge bosons.

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