Expected Value of the Hamilton operator

In summary, the expected value of the Hamilton operator for a two-particle system can be calculated by dividing the expression by another function and substituting the Hamilton operator into the equation. To simplify the calculation, it is recommended to work in the momentum basis instead of the position basis.
  • #1
Karliski
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Homework Statement



I have to calculate the expected value of the Hamilton operator (average energy) of a two, non interacting, identical particle system. Thus these particles can be bosons or fermions, but at the moment I just want to look at fermions.

Homework Equations



[tex]H=-\frac{h^{2}}{2m}(\frac{d^{2}}{dx_{1}^{2}}+\frac{d^{2}}{dx_{2}^{2}})[/tex]

The localised wave functions (not eigenstates of the Hamilton operator) are given by:

[tex]
\psi_{-}(x_{1}) & = & \exp[-\frac{\beta}{2}(x_{1}-a/2)^{2}]
[/tex]

[tex]
\psi_{+}(x_{2}) & = & \exp[-\frac{\beta}{2}(x_{2}+a/2)^{2}][/tex]

Thus for fermions we need to anti-symmetrise:

[tex]\psi(x_{1},x_{2})=\psi_{-}(x_{1})\psi_{+}(x_{2})-\psi_{-}(x_{2})\psi_{+}(x_{1})[/tex]

Thus one particle is localised at x = a/2 and one at x = -a/2.

Thus to get the expected value of the Hamilton operator:

[tex]E(a)=\int_{\mathbb{R}}dx_{1}\int_{\mathbb{R}}dx_{2}\psi^{*}(x_{1},x_{2})H\psi(x_{1},x_{2})[/tex]

One actually divides this expression by another function, but I solved that already and not relevant to my problem.

The Attempt at a Solution



So far I substituted the Hamilton operator into E(a) to get:

[tex]E(a)=\frac{h^{2}}{2m}\int_{\mathbb{R}}dx_{1}\int_{\mathbb{R}}dx_{2}\psi^{*}(x_{1},x_{2})(\frac{d^{2}}{dx_{1}^{2}}+\frac{d^{2}}{dx_{2}^{2}})\psi(x_{1},x_{2})[/tex]

And then multiply it out to get two terms (both similar, only listing one):

[tex]\frac{h^{2}}{2m}\int_{\mathbb{R}}dx_{1}\int_{\mathbb{R}}dx_{2}\psi^{*}(x_{1},x_{2})\frac{d^{2}}{dx_{1}^{2}}\psi(x_{1},x_{2})[/tex]

This is where the problem comes in, calculating that 2nd derivative creates a big mess, even when working with a computer algebra system. Is there a way to rewrite this in a better form?
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  • #2
Try working in the momentum basis.
 

FAQ: Expected Value of the Hamilton operator

What is the Hamilton operator?

The Hamilton operator, also known as the Hamiltonian, is a mathematical operator used in quantum mechanics to describe the total energy of a system. It is denoted as H and is often represented as the sum of kinetic and potential energy operators.

What is the expected value of the Hamilton operator?

The expected value of the Hamilton operator is the average value of the Hamiltonian operator when acting on a wavefunction. It is denoted as Hexp and is calculated by taking the integral of the wavefunction multiplied by the Hamiltonian operator.

How is the expected value of the Hamilton operator related to the energy of a system?

The expected value of the Hamilton operator is directly related to the energy of a quantum system. In fact, the expected value of the Hamilton operator is equal to the average energy of the system in a given state.

How is the expected value of the Hamilton operator calculated?

The expected value of the Hamilton operator is calculated by taking the integral of the wavefunction multiplied by the Hamiltonian operator. This integral is then divided by the integral of just the wavefunction squared, also known as the normalization constant.

Why is the expected value of the Hamilton operator important in quantum mechanics?

The expected value of the Hamilton operator is important because it allows us to calculate the average energy of a quantum system in a given state. This is crucial in understanding the behavior and properties of quantum systems and making predictions about their behavior.

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