Explore Homogeneity of Space: Effects on Relativity Theory

In summary, the conversation discusses the basic assumption of homogeneity in the special theory of relativity, which states that space intervals should not be affected by our choice of origin. However, in an alternate universe, observers find that distant objects appear larger in the northern sky and smaller in the southern sky, leading to the questioning of this assumption. Possible violations of this assumption and its implications for developing theories such as relativity are also discussed. Ultimately, it is concluded that while there may be some discrepancies, the current evidence suggests that space is largely homogeneous in our universe.
  • #1
weezy
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This is a basic assumption that's made during the derivation of results of special theory of relativity is that space is homogeneous i.e. space intervals shouldn't be given preference based on our choice of origin. However I want to understand more about this assumption and its importance.

Let's imagine an alternate universe where people have gained access to and they travel there and initially find out all laws of physics are just the same as it was in our home universe. They go on to assume that the smallest possible unit of space is a cube of size h^3 where h is Planck length. We also assume astronomers on that universe have found a way to measure distance to stars without analysing their luminosity.

But the observers on that universe find that small stars that should be low mass and consequently low volume and are very far away appear as huge spheres in the night sky. In other words all of their observations point to the fact that the faraway stars who's properties like temperature and radiation tell us it's not big but they appear bigger than their size for some reason. Same applies for other objects too like faraway galaxies appear way bigger than the average in their neighbourhood. And to add to their mystery this only happens when they look at the north sky. The south sky shows objects that appear smaller in size than expected.

They conclude that the quanta or smallest unit of space varies in length/size compared to theirs as you move vast distances from south to north (with respect to the plane of orbit of their planet) for some unknown reason. That is you cannot have a unit of space smaller than the size of, say your planet, once you reach a certain distance x away from your current location in the northern sky where x is a big number of lightyears. If you were to travel lightyears away into the northern sky the size of your particles and your measuring devices will get bigger in proportion so that you don't notice anything out of the ordinary but you see your home planet shorter than it should be.

Now my question is that are we completely sure that space is homogeneous i.e. do we observe any properties in stars and galaxies that could tell us that there's some discrepancy in sizes our theories predict and what is observed?

What are the changes that one would need to observe to develop a theory such as relativity then? For one homogeneity of space assumption must be discarded because it doesn't work on this universe. It does matter what your origin is. Also one has to find a non linear distance formula between two points. Should they experimentally find out the geometry of the universe and necessary distance formulas relative to their choice of origin, do the nonlinear distance formulas have any other effects that aren't simply obvious? What are your thoughts?
 
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  • #2
weezy said:
i.e. space intervals shouldn't be given preference based on our choice of origin.
That is not what the homogeneity assumption says. It says that the laws of physics in a local inertial frame are the same everywhere, and don't change with your choice of origin.

Violations of this homogeneity assumption could show up in many different ways: spectral lines being inexplicably shifted, nuclear reactions proceeding at different rates leading to different stellar evolution, different frequency/amplitude relationships in gravitational wave events, ...

If there is any spatial inhomogeneity in our universe, it's small enough that our best instruments are unable to detect its effects. That doesn't make it 100% certain, but I know which way I'm betting.
 
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FAQ: Explore Homogeneity of Space: Effects on Relativity Theory

What is the concept of homogeneity of space?

The concept of homogeneity of space refers to the idea that the distribution of matter and energy in the universe is consistent and uniform. This means that at a large enough scale, the properties of space, such as density and curvature, are the same everywhere.

How does the homogeneity of space affect the theory of relativity?

The homogeneity of space is a fundamental assumption in the theory of relativity. It is necessary in order to establish a consistent framework for understanding the relationship between space, time, and gravity. Without homogeneity, the theory of relativity would not hold true.

Can the homogeneity of space be proven or measured?

While the concept of homogeneity of space is widely accepted in the scientific community, it cannot be proven or measured directly. However, scientists use various methods, such as observing the large-scale distribution of galaxies and the cosmic microwave background radiation, to support the idea of homogeneity.

Are there any exceptions to the homogeneity of space?

There are some exceptions to the homogeneity of space, such as the presence of massive objects like galaxies, which can cause local deviations in the distribution of matter and energy. However, these exceptions do not affect the overall homogeneity at a large scale.

How does the concept of homogeneity of space relate to the expansion of the universe?

The homogeneity of space is closely related to the expansion of the universe. In a homogeneous universe, the rate of expansion is the same everywhere, implying that the universe is expanding uniformly. This has important implications for our understanding of the evolution and structure of the universe.

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