Exploring Limits: Refreshingly Simple!

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In summary, the conversation discussed solving limits and integrals involving exponential functions and the conclusion was that the integral of ##x^2 e^{-x}## converges and its value is 0. There was a mistake in the previous solution which was later corrected and the final result was confirmed to be correct.
  • #1
chwala
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Homework Statement
see attached.
Relevant Equations
understanding of the l'hopital rule
1647927972699.png


Refreshing..i will attempt part (a) first ...of course this is easy...
$$\displaystyle{\lim_{x \to \infty}}\frac{x^2}{e^x} $$
$$\displaystyle{\lim_{x \to \infty}}\frac{2x}{e^x} $$
$$\displaystyle{\lim_{x \to \infty}}\frac{2}{e^x} =0$$
 
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  • #2
Now to part (b);

##\int_0^∞ x^2e^{-x} dx##=##{\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\int_0^t x^2e^{-x} dx##
having indicated this then we shall have;

##\int x^2e^{-x} dx####=\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}##+##\int 2xe^{-x} dx##
=##\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}-2xe^{-x}##+##\int e^{-x} dx##
=##\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}-2xe^{-x}-e^{-x}##
=##\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}-\dfrac{2x}{e^x}-\dfrac{1}{e^x}##
=##{\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\dfrac{-t^2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2t}{e^t}-\dfrac{1}{e^t}-[0-0-1]## =##{\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\dfrac{-2t}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}-\dfrac{1}{e^t}-[0-0-1]##
##={\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\dfrac{-2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}-\dfrac{1}{e^t}-[0-0-1]=[0-0-1]-[0-0-1]=-1+1=0##
thus converges and its value is ##0##.

your thoughts guys:cool:
 
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  • #3
Have you looked at the plot for ##x^2 e^{-x}##. Would it make sense that the integral would be 0?
 
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  • #4
DrClaude said:
Have you looked at the plot for ##x^2 e^{-x}##. Would it make sense that the integral would be 0?
Let me check...
 
  • #5
Let me amend my post; it ought to be

Now to part (b);

##\int_0^∞ x^2e^{-x} dx##=##{\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\int_0^t x^2e^{-x} dx##
having indicated this then we shall have;

##\int x^2e^{-x} dx####=\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}##+##\int 2xe^{-x} dx##
=##\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}-2xe^{-x}##+##2\int e^{-x} dx##
=##\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}-2xe^{-x}-2e^{-x}##
=##\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}-\dfrac{2x}{e^x}-\dfrac{2}{e^x}##...therefore on taking limits as required we shall have;

=##{\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\left[\dfrac{-t^2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2t}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}\right]####-[0-0-2]##
##{\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\left[\dfrac{-2t}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}\right]####-[-0-0-2]##

##={\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\left[\dfrac{-2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}\right]####-[0-0-2]=[-0-0-0]-[-0-0-2]=0+2=2##

thus converges and its value is ##2##.

your thoughts guys:cool:
 
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  • #6
chwala said:
Let me amend my post; it ought to be

Now to part (b);

##\int_0^∞ x^2e^{-x} dx##=##{\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\int_0^t x^2e^{-x} dx##
having indicated this then we shall have;

##\int x^2e^{-x} dx####=\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}##+##\int 2xe^{-x} dx##
=##\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}-2xe^{-x}##+##2\int e^{-x} dx##
=##\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}-2xe^{-x}-2e^{-x}##
=##\dfrac{-x^2}{e^x}-\dfrac{2x}{e^x}-\dfrac{2}{e^x}##...therefore on taking limits as required we shall have;

=##{\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\left[\dfrac{-t^2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2t}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}\right]####-[0-0-1]##
##{\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\left[\dfrac{-2t}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}\right]####-[-0-0-2]##

##={\lim_{t \to \infty}}####\left[\dfrac{-2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}-\dfrac{2}{e^t}\right]####-[0-0-2]=[-0-0-0]-[-0-0-2]=0+2=2##

thus converges and its value is ##2##.

your thoughts guys:cool:
I checked the result, which is correct. So either you made a mistake twice in different directions, or it is ok.
 
  • #7
fresh_42 said:
I checked the result, which is correct. So either you made a mistake twice in different directions, or it is ok.
I had made a mistake earlier by missing the ##'2'## ...after integration by parts...i.e in my post ##2## ...I amended that in my post ##5##...I didn't want to interfere with the post so as to make it easier for people to follow...
Just amended post ##5## ...latex typo...
 
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  • #8
The integrand is non-negative, so the integral can be zero only if the integrand is zero almost everywhere. Clearly, that is not the case. The result you arrived at later is correct.
 

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