Exploring the Depths: The Physics and Function of Submersibles

[lsim16]

Help!

what are all the physics priciples behind making and using a manned submersible?
what are all the factors that needed to be considered and how does the submersible deal with these issues (i have found some articles about submarines but submersibles are different)
how does it go up and down
how does it support life while it is underwater
how long can they last?
how deeep can they go?

anyone help would be greatly appreciated

 

[Astronuc]

Well, one can google on "Alvin" and "Trieste", or try Wikipedia for starters.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSV_Alvin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe_Trieste

On January 23, 1960, she reached the ocean floor in the Challenger Deep, carrying Jacques Piccard (son of Auguste) and Lieutenant Don Walsh, USN. This was the first time a ship, manned or unmanned, had reached the deepest point in the sea. The onboard systems indicated a depth of 37,800 ft (11,521 m), but this was later revised to 35,813 ft (10,916 m). (However later and more accurate measurements made in 1995 have found the Challenger Deep to be shallower, at 35,798 ft (10,911 m)). The descent took almost five hours and the two men spent barely twenty minutes on the ocean floor before undertaking the 3 hour 15 minute ascent. They observed small soles and flounders and noted the floor consisted of diatomaceous ooze while on the bottom.

Deep Sea Submersible's have gone to the deepest part of the ocean, the Marianas Trench ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Trench ), Challenger Deep - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger_Deep.

See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe_Trieste_II

For more on Alvin - see Woods Hole's Alvin site - http://www.whoi.edu/marops/vehicles/alvin/index.html

Obviously, the DSV need to be heavier (less bouyant) than the surrounding ocean water. Then to rise, they dump mass (weight) to become more bouyant. To support life, they must withstand high pressure on the outside, while maintaining near atmospheric pressure inside. In addition, they must have sufficient oxygen and heating.

The sites provide more information.

 

[ravenprp]

Exploring the depths of the ocean is a challenging and fascinating endeavor, and submersibles are key tools in this exploration. These underwater vessels are designed to withstand the immense pressure and harsh conditions of the deep sea, while also providing a safe and functional environment for humans to operate in.

The physics principles behind making and using a manned submersible are complex and varied. Some key principles include buoyancy, pressure, and propulsion. Buoyancy is crucial for keeping the submersible afloat and controlling its depth in the water. This is achieved through the use of ballast tanks, which can be filled with water to increase the submersible's weight and decrease its buoyancy, or emptied to decrease its weight and increase its buoyancy. Pressure is another important factor, as the deeper the submersible goes, the greater the pressure it experiences. This requires careful design and engineering to ensure the vessel can withstand these extreme conditions. Propulsion is also a critical aspect, as it allows the submersible to move through the water and navigate to different depths and locations.

There are several factors that need to be considered when designing and operating a submersible. These include the depth and pressure of the water, the temperature and salinity of the water, and the potential hazards and obstacles in the environment. Submersibles are designed with advanced technology and materials to withstand these factors and ensure the safety and functionality of the vessel.

To go up and down, submersibles use a combination of buoyancy control and propulsion. As mentioned before, the ballast tanks can be filled or emptied to control the submersible's depth. Additionally, the vessel can use thrusters or propellers to move up or down in the water. Some submersibles also have adjustable wings or fins that can be used to control their depth.

Supporting life while underwater is a crucial aspect of submersible design. These vessels are equipped with advanced life support systems, including oxygen tanks and carbon dioxide scrubbers, to provide a breathable atmosphere for the occupants. They also have communication systems, lighting, and other necessary equipment for conducting research and exploration missions.

The duration of a submersible's mission depends on its design and purpose. Some submersibles are designed for shorter missions, while others can stay underwater for days or even weeks. The length of time also depends on the life support systems and the amount of supplies and resources carried on board.

The depth limit for submersibles varies depending on the