Figuring out Natural Deduction problem but can't find mistake

In summary, the individual is working on a Natural Deduction problem and is struggling to identify an error in their reasoning or approach. Despite their efforts, they are unable to pinpoint the mistake that is hindering their progress in solving the problem.
  • #1
krob
2
2
Thread moved from the technical forums to the schoolwork forums
I'm in undergrad and I unexpectedly began taking a discrete math class, everything was sunshine and rainbows until this chapter.... All in all, Below is the Natural deduction problem with its premise and intended conclusion and these are my steps. I can't see where I'm going wrong, any ideas? Thanks :)

Code:
(¬A ∨ (¬B ∨ ¬C)) ⊢ (((¬B ∨ ¬C) → (D ∧ ¬D)) → ¬A)
(~A\/(~B\/~C)):PR
    A:AS
        (~B\/~C)->(D/\~D):AS
            ~(~B\/~C):AS
                (~B\/~C):AS
                !?:~E4,5
                D/\~D:X6
            (~B\/~C)->(D/\~D):->I5-7
                (~B\/~C):AS
                D/\~D:->E8,9
                D:/\E10
                ~D:/\E10
                !?:~E11,12
                ~A:X13
(((¬B ∨ ¬C) → (D ∧ ¬D)) → ¬A):IP2-13
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
krob said:
I'm in undergrad and I unexpectedly began taking a discrete math class, everything was sunshine and rainbows until this chapter.... All in all, Below is the Natural deduction problem with its premise and intended conclusion and these are my steps. I can't see where I'm going wrong, any ideas? Thanks :)

Code:
(¬A ∨ (¬B ∨ ¬C)) ⊢ (((¬B ∨ ¬C) → (D ∧ ¬D)) → ¬A)
(~A\/(~B\/~C)):PR
    A:AS
        (~B\/~C)->(D/\~D):AS
            ~(~B\/~C):AS
                (~B\/~C):AS
                !?:~E4,5
                D/\~D:X6
            (~B\/~C)->(D/\~D):->I5-7
                (~B\/~C):AS
                D/\~D:->E8,9
                D:/\E10
                ~D:/\E10
                !?:~E11,12
                ~A:X13
(((¬B ∨ ¬C) → (D ∧ ¬D)) → ¬A):IP2-13
I'm having a hard time with the symbols here -- I'm more used to the symbols used in mathematical logic.
What is this symbol ⊢ ? Same as or different from → ? And elsewhere you have :->

What is the given premise here? And what is it that you are supposed to prove?

There are a lot of abbreviations that I don't get, among them are:
PR
A:AS
AS
E4,5
X6
I5-7
E8,9
X13
IP2-13

The first line you write is (¬A ∨ (¬B ∨ ¬C)) ⊢ (((¬B ∨ ¬C) → (D ∧ ¬D)) → ¬A)
Clearly D ∧ ¬D is false (or the empty set if we're dealing with sets).

If you want help, you need to provide a lot more explanation of what you're doing.
 
  • #3
Mark44 said:
I'm having a hard time with the symbols here -- I'm more used to the symbols used in mathematical logic.
What is this symbol ⊢ ? Same as or different from → ? And elsewhere you have :->

What is the given premise here? And what is it that you are supposed to prove?

There are a lot of abbreviations that I don't get, among them are:
PR
A:AS
AS
E4,5
X6
I5-7
E8,9
X13
IP2-13

The first line you write is (¬A ∨ (¬B ∨ ¬C)) ⊢ (((¬B ∨ ¬C) → (D ∧ ¬D)) → ¬A)
Clearly D ∧ ¬D is false (or the empty set if we're dealing with sets).

If you want help, you need to provide a lot more explanation of what you're doing.
Hi Mark.

Thanks for responding, and also you're right I should have been clearer. So the first and only premise here is (~A\/(~B\/~C)). ⊢ is the symbol that concludes that whatever follows is the conclusion of the argument before it, hence (¬A ∨ (¬B ∨ ¬C)) ⊢ (((¬B ∨ ¬C) → (D ∧ ¬D)) → ¬A). PR is the premise, AS is an assumption, E is elimination, X is explosion, I is introduction, and IP is indirect proof. It is a weird syntax, I utilize it mainly because it is what I use in my classes. Also since we know that (D/\~D) is false as it is a contradiction or in simple words a premise leads to a conclusion that doesn't make sense, we have to use the theorem of explosion along with other natural deduction theorems to get to the conclusion from the premise.

I do hope this clears up what I meant, I am sorry for the confusion and can clarify more if necessary.
 
  • #4
krob said:
hence (¬A ∨ (¬B ∨ ¬C)) ⊢ (((¬B ∨ ¬C) → (D ∧ ¬D)) → ¬A)
What's the difference between ⊢ and → ?
Do they both mean "implies"?

Why is this expression, (D ∧ ¬D), in the line I quoted? It's obviously false. Tossing in D ∧ ¬D for false needlessly complicates things, IMO, since there is no mention of D in the premise.
From what I can tell, your goal is to show that (¬A ∨ (¬B ∨ ¬C)) implies ¬A
For the expression (¬B ∨ ¬C), there are two possibilities: it's either false or it's true. Since neither B nor C shows up in the desired conclusion, I don't see why you can't just replace (¬B ∨ ¬C) with something else, say D.

For the two cases for (¬B ∨ ¬C), what does the premise simplify to if you assume that (¬B ∨ ¬C) is true?
What does the premise simplify to if you assume that (¬B ∨ ¬C) is false?

Your proof would be much easier to follow if 1) you explained in words what you are doing, and 2) eliminated unnecessary complications such as (D ∧ ¬D).
 

FAQ: Figuring out Natural Deduction problem but can't find mistake

What is Natural Deduction?

Natural Deduction is a method used in formal logic to derive conclusions from premises through a series of logical steps. It employs a set of inference rules that mirror natural reasoning, allowing one to construct proofs by applying these rules systematically.

What are common mistakes when using Natural Deduction?

Common mistakes include misapplying inference rules, assuming the conclusion without proper justification, neglecting to discharge assumptions correctly, and making invalid logical jumps. Ensuring each step follows logically from the previous ones is crucial to avoiding errors.

How can I verify each step in my Natural Deduction proof?

To verify each step, ensure that each inference follows from the premises and previously established conclusions according to the rules of Natural Deduction. Double-check the application of rules like Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens, and the introduction and elimination rules for logical connectives.

What are some strategies for finding mistakes in a Natural Deduction proof?

Some strategies include working backward from the conclusion, breaking down complex steps into simpler ones, using a checklist of inference rules, and comparing your steps with known correct proofs. Additionally, peer review or discussing the proof with others can provide fresh perspectives to spot errors.

Are there tools or software available to help with Natural Deduction problems?

Yes, several tools and software can assist with Natural Deduction problems. Examples include proof assistants like Coq, Isabelle, and interactive proof checkers such as ProofTools. These tools can help verify the correctness of each step and provide guidance on applying inference rules correctly.

Similar threads

Replies
2
Views
2K
Replies
1
Views
3K
Back
Top