Find Force Applied Horizontally to Displace 0.06kg Bob 0.10m

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To find the horizontal force required to displace a 0.06 kg bob by 0.10 m, the problem involves understanding the forces acting on the bob when it is pulled aside. The tension in the string and the gravitational force must balance for the bob to be in equilibrium. The relationship between the forces can be analyzed using the right triangle formed by the displacement and the string length. The calculations involve determining the length of the sides of the triangle and applying Newton's second law. Understanding these relationships is crucial for solving the problem accurately.
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Homework Statement


A bob weighing 0.06 kg hangs vertically at the end of a string 0.30m long. Find the force which when applied horizontally. will pull the bob 0.10m aside from it's initial position.


Homework Equations


F = mg, F = ma


The Attempt at a Solution


The solution in the book says:

In the figure, F = ma, CA = 1.10 m; SO = SA = 0.30 m.
SC = (SA2 - SC2)1/2 = 2√2 / 10 m

As, mg/SC = F / CA = T/AS and then the value is calculated. I don't understand what is done after obtaining the value of SC.
 

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What has to be true for the bob to be in equilibrium? How can you relate the forces acting on the bob to the right triangle of which you just computed the sides?
Hint: the pendulum string can only provide a force in throuh the tension in it, which is directed in the string direction.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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