Finding pressure, mean speed and mean free path

In summary, the conversation discusses a right circular cylinder containing 4 x 10^14 Argon atoms at room temperature. The formulas used to estimate the momentum transfer per square meter per second to the curved wall due to gas collisions, the mean speed of an Argon atom in the container, and the mean free path of an Argon atom in the container are provided, along with the reasoning and work. The estimated values for these parameters are 1.66 mPa, 432 m/s, and 56 m, respectively.
  • #1
slim2636
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Homework Statement



A right circular cylinder of ##4## cm (inner) radius and ##19.9## cm (inner) length contains ##4 \times 10^{14}## Argon atoms (atomic number ##18##). The cylinder is maintained at room temperature, nominally ##300## K.

(a) Estimate the momentum transfer per square meter per second to the curved wall due to gas collisions.

(b) Estimate the mean speed of an Argon atom in the container.

(c) Estimate the mean free path of an Argon atom in the container.

Show the formulas used, reasoning, and work for full credit. You may wish to recall that ##k_{B}= 1.38 \times 10^{-23}## J/K, ##1## amu ##= 1.66 \times 10^{-27}## kg. You may take the atomic weight of Argon to be ##40## amu.

Homework Equations



The Attempt at a Solution



(a) Assuming that the Argon gas in the right circular cylinder is an ideal gas, we can use the formula ##pV=NkT##,

where ##p## = pressure = force per square meter = momentum transfer per square meter per second.

So, ##p(\pi(0.04)^{2}(0.199))=(4\times 10^{14})(1.38 \times 10^{-23})(300) \implies p = 1.66## mPa.

Am I correct?

(b) Argon atom is a monoatomic gas, so using the equipartition theorem,

##\frac{3}{2}k_{B}T=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2} \implies v = 432## m/s.

Am I correct?

(c) Mean free path ##\lambda = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}\pi d^{2}n_{V}} = \frac{k_{B}T}{\sqrt{2}\pi d^{2}p}##,

where ##d = ## diameter of the atoms, and ##n_{V} = ## number density of the atoms.

The diameter of the Argon atoms can be estimated to be on the order of ##10^{-10}## m.

So, mean free path ##\lambda = 56## m.

Am I correct?
 
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  • #2
I have not checked your calculations, but all your steps seem to be faultless.
 

FAQ: Finding pressure, mean speed and mean free path

1. What is pressure?

Pressure is defined as the force per unit area exerted by a gas or liquid. In other words, it is the amount of force that is applied over a certain area. It is typically measured in units of Pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi).

2. How is pressure related to mean speed?

According to the kinetic theory of gases, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the mean speed of its molecules. This means that as the mean speed of the molecules increases, the pressure also increases.

3. What is mean free path?

Mean free path is the average distance that a molecule travels between collisions with other molecules in a gas. It is an important parameter in understanding the behavior of gases, as it affects the transport properties of the gas, such as viscosity and thermal conductivity.

4. How can we measure pressure, mean speed, and mean free path?

There are various methods for measuring these parameters. For pressure, a common instrument used is a manometer, which measures the difference in fluid levels in a U-shaped tube. Mean speed can be measured using techniques such as thermal conductivity or ultrasonic measurements. Mean free path can be calculated using the ideal gas law, or measured using specialized equipment such as a molecular beam apparatus.

5. What factors affect pressure, mean speed, and mean free path?

The pressure of a gas is affected by the number of molecules present, the temperature, and the volume of the container it is in. Mean speed is affected by the mass and temperature of the molecules, as well as the type of gas. Mean free path is affected by the density of the gas, the size and shape of the molecules, and the temperature.

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