Force Calculations: Fnormal, Fg, Ffriction, Fapplied - SOLVED

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When an object is pushed horizontally, the normal force (Fnormal) equals the gravitational force (Fg) acting on it. If the object moves at a constant velocity, the frictional force (Ffriction) equals the applied force (Fapplied). On an incline, the relationship between these forces changes due to the angle. Static friction can match the applied force up to a limit, while kinetic friction remains constant and is proportional to the normal force. Understanding these principles is crucial for accurate force calculations in physics.
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[SOLVED] Force Calculations

If an object is being pushed horizontally, does Fnormal always equal Fg? And Ffriction only equals Fapplied if it's at a constant velocity? I think that's how it goes, but I'm a little unsure.

Thanks!
 
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Yes if the force on an object is horizontal then the normal force will simply be the weight of the object. If it is on an incline then that's another matter altogether. Static friction equals the applied force to a certain point but kinetic friction is pretty much constant and proportional to the normal force.
 
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Thanks.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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