Fourier series of translated function

In summary, the Fourier series of a translated function involves expressing a periodic function that has been shifted in its argument as a sum of sine and cosine terms. This translation affects the coefficients in the series, leading to phase shifts in the sine and cosine components. The resulting series retains the same fundamental frequency characteristics but reflects the change in the function's position on the horizontal axis. This concept is crucial for analyzing signals and systems in various applications, including engineering and physics.
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psie
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Homework Statement
Find the Fourier series of ##h(t)=e^{3it}f(t-4)##, when ##f## has period ##2\pi## and satisfies ##f(t)=1## for ##|t|<2##, ##f(t)=0## for ##2<|t|<\pi##.
Relevant Equations
Previously I worked an exercise where I showed that if ##f## has Fourier coefficients ##(c_n)##, then the function ##t\mapsto e^{iat}f(t)## has Fourier coefficients ##(c_{n-a})## for ##a\in\mathbb Z##. And similarly, the function ##t\mapsto f(t-b)## has Fourier coefficients ##(e^{-inb}c_n)## for ##b\in\mathbb R##.
So here is my attempt. The result doesn't look very nice, so maybe there's a cleaner solution:

From the relevant equations, the coefficients of ##h(t)## should be ##(e^{-i(n-3)4}c_{n-3})##, so I need to find ##(c_n)##. They are given by, assuming ##n\neq0##, \begin{align}\frac1{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^\pi f(t)e^{-int}dt&=\frac1{2\pi}\int_{-2}^2 e^{-int}dt \nonumber \\ &=\frac1{2\pi}\left[-\frac{e^{-int}}{in}\right]_{-2}^2 \nonumber \\ &=\frac1{2\pi}\left(\frac{e^{i2n}}{in}-\frac{e^{-i2n}}{in}\right) \nonumber \\ &=\frac{\sin(2n)}{\pi n}.\nonumber\end{align} For ##n=0##, we get simply ##\frac2{\pi}##.

Recall the coefficient of ##h(t)## should be ##(e^{-i(n-3)4}c_{n-3})##, so they are $$e^{-i(n-3)4}\frac{\sin (2(n-3))}{\pi(n-3)}\text{ for }n\neq 3,\quad \frac{2}{\pi} \text{ for }n=3 .$$ Therefor the (complex) Fourier series of ##h(t)## must be $$h(t)\sim\frac{2}{\pi}e^{i3t}+\sum_{\substack{k\in\mathbb Z \\ k\neq 3}}e^{-i(n-3)4}\frac{\sin (2(n-3))}{\pi(n-3)}e^{int}.$$

Unfortunately my book does not provide any answer to this exercise, so hence the post. Is this going in the right direction?
 
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You can check your result by performing inverse Fourier transform and seeing if it comes back.
 
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FAQ: Fourier series of translated function

What is a Fourier series of a translated function?

A Fourier series of a translated function is an expansion of a periodic function that has been shifted in time or space. The translation affects the coefficients of the Fourier series, but the general form remains similar to the original function's Fourier series.

How does translation affect the Fourier coefficients?

Translation of a function by a distance \(a\) results in a phase shift in its Fourier coefficients. If \(f(x)\) is translated to \(f(x-a)\), the new Fourier coefficients \(c_n'\) are related to the original coefficients \(c_n\) by \(c_n' = c_n e^{-i n \omega_0 a}\), where \(\omega_0\) is the fundamental angular frequency.

Can you provide an example of a Fourier series of a translated function?

Consider the function \(f(x) = \cos(x)\) with its Fourier series. If we translate it by \(a\), the new function is \(f(x-a) = \cos(x-a)\). The Fourier series for \(\cos(x)\) is \(\frac{1}{2}(e^{ix} + e^{-ix})\). After translation, the series becomes \(\frac{1}{2}(e^{i(x-a)} + e^{-i(x-a)}) = \frac{1}{2}(e^{ix} e^{-ia} + e^{-ix} e^{ia})\).

Why is the Fourier series of a translated function important?

The Fourier series of a translated function is important in signal processing, communications, and physics because it allows for the analysis of signals and functions that are not centered at the origin. It helps in understanding how shifts in time or space affect the frequency components of a signal.

How do you compute the Fourier series of a translated function?

To compute the Fourier series of a translated function, first find the Fourier series of the original function. Then, apply the translation by introducing a phase shift to each Fourier coefficient. Specifically, if \(f(x)\) has Fourier coefficients \(c_n\), then the translated function \(f(x-a)\) will have coefficients \(c_n' = c_n e^{-i n \omega_0 a}\).

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