Frequency of a simple pendulum

In summary, the frequency of oscillation for a pendulum suspended in a car traveling at constant speed around a circle will be determined by the equation f = (1/2π)√((g + (v^2/R))/L). This can be approximated using the small angle approximation and the relationship between arc length and angle. However, the answer provided in the book is slightly different, using the angle θ0 caused by the centrifugal force acting on the pendulum in the rotating frame of reference.
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A simple pendulum of length L and mass m is suspended in a car that is traveling with constant speed v around a circle of radius R. If the pendulum undergoes small oscillations in a radial direction about its equilibrium position, what will its frequency of oscillation be?

I don’t know how to post diagrams, so...
The negative x direction is to the left, toward the center of the circle of radius R. [itex]\theta[/itex] is the angle L makes with the vertical.
The forces on m are the gravitational force and the tension along length L. The forces result in SHM for small values of [itex]\theta[/itex].

[itex]F_{x}=-kx=-mgsin\theta -m\frac{v^{2}}{R}sin\theta[/itex]

For small values of [itex]\theta[/itex], [itex]\theta \approx sin\theta[/itex].
[itex]s=L\theta[/itex]. Where s is the arc length L sweeps through angle [itex]\theta[/itex].
For small values of [itex]\theta[/itex], [itex]s \approx x[/itex]

Using these two approximations, the top equation becomes
[itex]kx=mg\frac{x}{L} +m\frac{v^{2}x}{RL}[/itex]
After cancelling the x's and rearranging, I get
[itex]\frac{k}{m}=\frac{g+\frac{v^{2}}{R}}{L}[/itex]
For frequency f and period T, [itex]f=\frac{1}{T}[/itex], [itex]T=2 \pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}[/itex],
[itex]f=\frac{1}{2 \pi}\sqrt{\frac{g+ \frac{v^{2}}{R}}{L}}[/itex]
Unfortunately, the answer in the back of the book is
[itex]f=\frac{1}{2 \pi}\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{g^{2}+\frac{v^{4}}{R^{2}}}}{L}}[/itex]

Thanks for any help.
 
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The pendulum will oscillate around an angle θ0 because of the centrifugal force acting in the car as rotating frame of reference: tan(θ0)=v2/(Rg). The deviation from this angle can be considered small, but not the angle with respect to vertical.

ehild
 

FAQ: Frequency of a simple pendulum

What is the frequency of a simple pendulum?

The frequency of a simple pendulum is the number of complete oscillations it makes per unit time.

How is the frequency of a simple pendulum calculated?

The frequency of a simple pendulum can be calculated by dividing the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s^2) by the length of the pendulum (in meters) and taking the square root of the result.

What factors affect the frequency of a simple pendulum?

The frequency of a simple pendulum is affected by the length of the pendulum, the gravitational acceleration, and the angle at which it is released. It is also affected by air resistance and the mass of the pendulum, although these factors are usually considered negligible.

Why is the frequency of a simple pendulum constant?

The frequency of a simple pendulum is constant because it is an example of simple harmonic motion. This means that the force acting on the pendulum is directly proportional to its displacement from equilibrium, resulting in a sinusoidal motion with a constant period.

How does the frequency of a simple pendulum change with different lengths?

The frequency of a simple pendulum increases as the length decreases and decreases as the length increases. This relationship is inverse, meaning that halving the length will result in a doubling of the frequency, and doubling the length will result in halving the frequency.

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