Now researchers at the University of Maryland have made a fuel cell that could provide a far more efficient alternative to a gasoline generator. Like all fuel cells, it generates electricity through a chemical reaction, rather than by burning fuel, and can be twice as efficient at generating electricity as a generator that uses combustion.
The researchers' fuel cell is a greatly improved version of a type that has a solid ceramic electrolyte, and is known as a solid-oxide fuel cell. Unlike the hydrogen fuel cells typically used in cars, solid-oxide fuel cells can run on a variety of readily available fuels, including diesel, gasoline, and natural gas. They've been used for generating power for buildings, but they've been considered impractical for use in cars because they're far too big and because they operate at very high temperatures—typically at about 900 ⁰C.
By developing new electrolyte materials and changing the cell's design, the researchers made a fuel cell that is much more compact. It can produce 10 times as much power, for its size, as a conventional one, and could be smaller than a gasoline engine while producing as much power.
The researchers have also lowered the temperature at which the fuel cell operates by hundreds of degrees, which will allow them to use cheaper materials. "It's a huge difference in cost," says Eric Wachsman, director of the University of Maryland Energy Research Center, who led the research. He says the researchers have identified simple ways to improve the power output and reduce the temperature further still, using methods that are already showing promising results it the lab. These advances could bring costs to a point that they are competitive with gasoline engines. Wachsman says he's in the early stages of starting a company to commercialize the technology.
Wachsman's fuel cells currently operate at 650 ⁰C, and his goal is to bring that down to 350 ⁰C for use in cars. Insulating the fuel cells isn't difficult since they're small—a fuel cell stack big enough to power a car would only need to be 10 centimeters on a side. High temperatures are a bigger problem because they make it necessary to use expensive, heat-resistant materials within the device, and because heating the cell to operating temperatures takes a long time. By bringing the temperatures down, Wachsman can use cheaper materials and decrease the amount of time it takes the cell to start.
Any hydrocarbon used as fuel would have to reformed as part of the overall system, which would produce the same amount of carbon dioxide per unit of fuel consumed as a combustion process. However, the fuel cell would be far more efficient than the combustion engine, so that less fuel would be consumed per useful amount of motive power produced. For instance, the efficiency of a typical reciprocating combustion engine is around 20% over the typical driving cycle, and the efficiency of some solid oxide fuel cells has been reported up to 60%. So an improvement (decrease in CO2 emissions) by a multiple of 2 or 3 is possible.Ryuk1990 said:How much less carbon emissions would this fuel cell produce?
A gasoline fuel cell is a type of power source that converts the chemical energy of gasoline into electricity through a process called electrochemical reaction. This is different from a gas generator, which uses a combustion engine to convert the chemical energy of gasoline into mechanical energy.
One advantage of a gasoline fuel cell is that it is more efficient, as it directly converts chemical energy into electricity without the need for a combustion process. It also produces less pollution and noise compared to a gas generator. Additionally, fuel cells have a longer lifespan and require less maintenance.
The initial cost of a gasoline fuel cell is typically higher than a gas generator. However, fuel cells have a longer lifespan and lower maintenance costs, making them more cost-effective in the long run.
Yes, gasoline fuel cells can be used as a backup power source. They can provide continuous power for an extended period of time, unlike gas generators which require refueling. Fuel cells also have a faster startup time and can operate at a constant output, making them ideal for backup power.
One limitation of gasoline fuel cells is that they require a steady supply of fuel, which may not be readily available in some remote areas. They also produce heat and require proper ventilation for safe operation. Additionally, fuel cells are still in the early stages of development and may not be as widely available as gas generators.