Hamiltonian for spin-1/2 particle in B-field: units issue

In summary, the corresponding Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle of mass ##m## and charge ##e## placed in a magnetic field ##\mathbf B=B\mathbf e_z## in the ##z## direction is given by $$\hat H=\frac{eB}{mc}\hat S_z$$ where the prefactor ##eB/mc## has units of ##\text s^{-1}## and is denoted ##\omega##. However, there is conflicting information about whether the factor of ##c## should be included, with some sources indicating that it should be omitted in non-special-relativistic physics. This may be due to a difference in units, specifically the units of ##B##
  • #1
BrokenPhysics
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Take a spin-1/2 particle of mass ##m## and charge ##e## and place it in a magnetic field in the ##z## direction so that ##\mathbf B=B\mathbf e_z##. The corresponding Hamiltonian is
$$\hat H=\frac{eB}{mc}\hat S_z.$$
This must have units of joules overall, and since the eigenvalues of ##\hat S_z## are proportional to ##\hbar## with units ##\text{J s}##, the prefactor ##eB/mc## should have units ##\text s^{-1}##, i.e. it is an angular frequency - specifically the Larmor frequency - and is denoted ##\omega##.

But if we work out the units of ##\omega=eB/mc##, with
\begin{align*}
[e]&=\text C\\
[\mathbf B]&=\text T=\text{kg C}^{-1}\text{ s}^{-1}\\
[m]&=\text{kg}\\
[c]&=\text{ m s}^{-1}
\end{align*}
we get ##\text m^{-1}## overall and not ##\text s^{-1}##.

What am I doing wrong?
 
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  • #2
There should be no ##c## in the first formula, i.e. the correct one is
$$\hat H=\frac{eB}{m}\hat S_z$$
 
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  • #3
Well, the formula is derivable in non specially-relativistic physics (Levy-Leblond's work in the 1960s), therefore couldn't possibly have a "c" in it, IF ONE USES SI UNITS.
 
Last edited:

FAQ: Hamiltonian for spin-1/2 particle in B-field: units issue

1. What is a Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle in a B-field?

A Hamiltonian is a mathematical operator that represents the total energy of a system. In the case of a spin-1/2 particle in a B-field, the Hamiltonian describes the energy of the particle due to its spin interacting with the magnetic field.

2. Why is the spin-1/2 particle in a B-field important in physics?

The spin-1/2 particle in a B-field is important in physics because it is a fundamental system that can be used to study quantum mechanics and the behavior of particles in magnetic fields. It also has applications in areas such as quantum computing and magnetic resonance imaging.

3. What units are used when discussing the Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle in a B-field?

The Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle in a B-field is typically expressed in units of energy, such as joules or electron volts. This is because the Hamiltonian represents the energy of the particle in the system.

4. How does the B-field affect the Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle?

The B-field affects the Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle by introducing a term that represents the interaction between the particle's spin and the magnetic field. This term is known as the Zeeman term and it contributes to the overall energy of the particle.

5. Can the Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle in a B-field be used to predict the behavior of the particle?

Yes, the Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle in a B-field can be used to predict the behavior of the particle. By solving the mathematical equations of the Hamiltonian, we can determine the energy levels and probabilities of the particle's spin states in the presence of the B-field.

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