Hamiltonian, hisenberg's eqn of motion etc

In summary, a particle with mass m and charge q in a uniform electrostatic field ~E has a Hamiltonian that can be found by considering the potential energy of an electric dipole. The Heisenberg equation of motion for the expectation value of the position operator ~r is found by taking the expression for d<r>/dt. The expression for d^2<r>/dt^2 can then be rearranged to show that this is Newton's second law of motion. The potential energy can be obtained by taking the negative integral of the force, which can be found by considering the dot product between the electric field and an infinitesimal displacement along a chosen path.
  • #1
subny
16
0

Homework Statement



A particle of mass m and charge q is subject to a uniform electrostatic
eld ~E
.
(a) Write down the Hamiltonian of the particle in this system
(Hint: consider the potential energy of an electric dipole);
(b) Find the Heisenberg equation of motion for the expectation value of the position operator ~r, i.e. find the expression for d<r>/dt .
(c) Find now an expression for d^2<r>/dt^2
(d) Rearrange the last expression to show that this is Newton's
second law of motion.

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



how to get the potential given the field - once the potential is known the hamiltonian can be solved.

for part b, do we find [r,H] ??
 
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  • #2
Welcome to PF!

Think about how to write an expression for the force (vector) on the charge. Then think about how to use the force to get the potential energy.

Or, you can follow the hint if you are already familiar with the potential energy of a dipole in an electric field.
 
  • #3
F=qE

how to get the PE from this ??
 
  • #4
Do you remember how you get the potential energy of a spring, ##U = \frac{1}{2}kx^2##, from the force of a spring, ##F=-kx##?
 
  • #5
no i do not.

but for the sum i used

v= q.integration (Edr)
 
  • #6
subny said:
v= q.integration (Edr)

OK, the negative integral of the force gives the potential energy for a conservative force. Thus, the potential energy at a point ##p## is

##V(p) = -\int_{r.p.}^p q\textbf{E} \cdot \,\mathrm{d}\textbf{s}##

Here, the integral is a line integral along any path connecting the reference point (r.p.) to point ##p##. The reference point is the point where you choose ##V = 0##, say the origin of your coordinate system. The integrand contains the dot product between ##\textbf{E}## and an infinitesimal displacement ##\mathrm{d}\textbf{s}## along the path. Since the field is uniform, you can carry out the integration.
 
  • #7
yes thanks i could do it afterall
 

FAQ: Hamiltonian, hisenberg's eqn of motion etc

What is the Hamiltonian in physics?

The Hamiltonian is a mathematical concept used in classical mechanics and quantum mechanics to describe the total energy of a system. It is defined as the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in the system.

How is the Hamiltonian related to Heisenberg's equation of motion?

Heisenberg's equation of motion is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes how the observables of a system change over time. The Hamiltonian is used to determine these observables and their corresponding equations of motion.

What is the difference between classical and quantum Hamiltonians?

In classical mechanics, the Hamiltonian is a function of the position and momentum of particles in a system. In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian is an operator that acts on the wavefunction of a system to determine its evolution over time.

How is the Hamiltonian used in solving quantum mechanical problems?

The Hamiltonian is used in the Schrödinger equation, which is the fundamental equation of quantum mechanics. It is used to determine the energy levels and wavefunctions of a system, and can also be used to calculate other observables such as position and momentum.

What is the role of the Hamiltonian in quantum field theory?

In quantum field theory, the Hamiltonian is used to describe the dynamics of particles and fields. It is used to calculate the interactions between particles and their corresponding fields, and is an essential tool in understanding the behavior of particles at the quantum level.

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