muppet said:You're right that you need quantum mechanics to really understand the structure of atoms. The upshot is that the picture we have of an electron flying in a nice trajectory around the nucleus just doesn't correspond to how nature actually works at these scales.
Explaining this to you, from the beginning, would involve writing at least a good set of lecture notes. I don't know of a particularly good introductory set; maybe try http://walet.phy.umist.ac.uk/QM/QM.pdf .
If you get stuck on any particular points, or if you have any more specific questions, let us know!
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of a subatomic particle. This means that the more precisely we know the position of a particle, the less we know about its momentum, and vice versa.
Schrodinger's equation is a mathematical equation that describes the behavior of quantum particles. It takes into account Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle by treating particles as waves with a probability of being in certain locations. This means that we can never know the exact position and momentum of a particle at the same time, but only the probability of finding it in a certain state.
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle is important because it sets a fundamental limit on our ability to measure and understand the behavior of subatomic particles. It shows that there is a fundamental randomness and unpredictability in the behavior of particles at the quantum level.
No, Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics and has been extensively tested and confirmed through experiments. It is not possible to violate this principle.
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle may seem like it only applies to the microscopic world, but it actually has a significant impact on our daily lives. It is the reason why we cannot predict the exact behavior of systems, such as the weather, and it also plays a role in the development of technologies such as computer memory and GPS systems.