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erocored
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I have a neutral charged atom. When I bring an electron to this atom what the force will hold this electron with neutral atom?
Does the resulting force that act on the electron from the protons and electrons of the atom is zero?anuttarasammyak said:If an atom were a neutral particle, no force would work on the electron. An atom is made of nucleus with positive charge and electrons of negative charge. The nucleus attracts and the electrons repulse the additional electron. By the balance of these forces the atom may hold the additional electron. Quantum mechanics gives more details.
How much partially shielded?Drakkith said:the positive charge of the nucleus is, at very close ranges, only partially shielded by the electrons.
Do you mean that one of the additional electrons can be knocked out by the others in any point of time?sophiecentaur said:or even just lose that electron.
Most simple details:anuttarasammyak said:If an atom were a neutral particle, no force would work on the electron. An atom is made of nucleus with positive charge and electrons of negative charge. The nucleus attracts and the electrons repulse the additional electron. By the balance of these forces the atom may hold the additional electron. Quantum mechanics gives more details.
erocored said:How much partially shielded?
On that scale there is no satisfactory alternative to a QM approach. I could mention that considering the Potential Energy in the system is probably the better approach over dealing with the forces. Only at large distances is the Electric Potential of the nucleus equal to the EP of the electrons so there is no simple ‘cancellation’ near the atom.Drakkith said:I don't know to be honest. I think the answer is very complicated and requires large amounts of computational power to model accurately.
sophiecentaur said:On that scale there is no satisfactory alternative to a QM approach.
The H atom is the only one with a 'closed' solution, afaik. Beyond that involves numerical solutions. There would seem to be very little point, though, in spending massive effort on a quasi mechanical calculation, which is what my earlier post didn't make clear. The concept of 'shielding' doesn't fit into it except as an arm waving justification that the two ideas don' actually clash too much.Drakkith said:I was under the impression that even a QM approach still required large amounts of computational power to accurately model anything other than a hydrogen atom.
sophiecentaur said:The H atom is the only one with a 'closed' solution, afaik
Electrons, according to quantum chemistry, have wave function related to their atomic orbitals. Actually the electrons largely overlap each other when in nuclear orbitals. There is no repulsive force between electrons, other than two electrons with identical spin can't occupy the same orbital. Atoms with partially filled shell/orbitals can accept an electron in that orbital.sophiecentaur said:I think that's taking an already much-too mechanical model one step too far. Of course, electrons don't 'knock into' each other because the repulsive force between two charges would be too great for them to get that close.
Edit - but bound electrons really don't behave like particles anyway.
shjacks45 said:There is no repulsive force between electrons, other than two electrons with identical spin can't occupy the same orbital.
There is, just like between all other particles with the same type of electric charge.shjacks45 said:There is no repulsive force between electrons
I'm not sure what you mean by "naked ions" but free ions (not bound in molecules) exist in high density places, too.shjacks45 said:False question as naked ions only exist in very high vacuum.
I have to disagree with that, too. All the fields around all the particles in an atom are equally relevant. surely the idea of the so-called 'shielding' of the outer electrons cn be explained in terms of 'repulsive forces'.shjacks45 said:There is no repulsive force between electrons,
An atom can have a negative charge if it gains one or more electrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom. When an atom gains an electron, it becomes negatively charged because it now has more negatively charged particles than positively charged particles.
Atoms can have different charges depending on the number of protons and electrons they have. Protons are positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom, while electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus. If an atom has more protons than electrons, it will have a positive charge. If it has more electrons than protons, it will have a negative charge.
The negative charge of an atom can affect its behavior in several ways. For example, atoms with negative charges can attract positively charged particles, such as protons, and repel other negatively charged particles. This is because opposite charges attract, while like charges repel. The negative charge of an atom also plays a role in chemical reactions and bonding with other atoms.
No, an atom cannot have both a negative and a positive charge at the same time. This is because the number of protons and electrons in an atom must be equal for it to have a neutral charge. If an atom has more protons than electrons, it will have a positive charge, and if it has more electrons than protons, it will have a negative charge. It cannot have an unequal number of both.
An atom can become negatively charged in several ways. It can gain one or more electrons from another atom or molecule, it can lose one or more protons, or it can be exposed to a negatively charged object. In some cases, atoms can also become negatively charged through chemical reactions or when exposed to certain types of radiation.