How Can Flatlanders See in 2-D and What Does That Mean for 3-D Vision?

[Meatbot]

It seems to me that in order for him to actually see objects around him, the objects and his eyes would need to have some non-zero thickness in a third dimension. In Flatland, the inhabitants see each other as line segments, but isn't this really impossible? In order to see a line segment it must actually be other than a line segment. It must actually have a nonzero thickness in a perpendicular dimension. A true line segment would be invisible.

Also, it seems a 1-D being would have to be other than 1-D in order to see. It seems he would have to be 3-D and his object would have to be 3-D.

Ok, so what does this have to say about 3-D people viewing 3-D objects? Can the 2-D example be applied here or is this where it stops? If it stops, why is 3-D special? Do 3-D eyes and 3-D objects actually have to be 4-D in order for the eyes to see the objects?

 

[Math Jeans]

Well, you could think of it this way. In a 3-D world, people actually see things in 2-D. You could say that our vision could be captured on a 2-D frame. For a 4-D entity, the 4-D entity would wonder how we are able to see 2-D things. The reality of it lies in the plane that the flatlanders live on. If one of use were to decend to flatland and view the world from the same point that the flatlanders do, of course we wouldn't see anything, as what happens is the plane of flatland would occupy 0% of our vision. However, for a flatlander, who knows nothing of the 3-D world, they would view the world as 1-D, however, for them, their movement would for them make them think that they are looking in 2-D, the same misconception that we have in the third dimension. For a flatlander, however, the plane of flatland occupies 100% of their vision, or mainly, their eyes view things as 1-D, and it is all they see, however, they can see a distance on the 2-D plane.

I hope that clears things up.

 

[mgb_phys]

I think you are reading slightly too much into the analogy.
The 2d world is imaginary, you don't have to worry about the number of photons emitted from an infinetly thin line.

Math Jeans is obviously a mathematician - so doesn't see the problem, you just assume that photons are infinetly thin as well 1

 

[jim mcnamara]

Besides Flatland is a flop in modern "math"* classes.

My sons denounced it thoroughly, as did their teachers who were compelled to use it by the local school bored of education. Probably backed by the Flat Earth Society.

"math"* = whatever the school bored in our district says it is.

PS: I liked Flatland when I read it. But I'm old.

 

[mgb_phys]

PS: I liked Flatland when I read it. But I'm old.

There is a very good sequel 'Flatterland' by Ian Stewart following Victoria's visit to a weird spherical land with three dimensions.

 

[Meatbot]

For a 4-D entity, the 4-D entity would wonder how we are able to see 2-D things.

Could you explain that in more detail? Seems to me like a 3-D person seeing a 2-d plane perpendicular to his point of view is like a 2-d person seeing a 1-d line head-on (a point). I don't think 2-d guy sees the point since it has no area, but the 3-d guy should still see the plane.

The reality of it lies in the plane that the flatlanders live on. If one of use were to decend to flatland and view the world from the same point that the flatlanders do, of course we wouldn't see anything, as what happens is the plane of flatland would occupy 0% of our vision.

But why wouldn't the flatlanders experience the same thing we would and see nothing? I mean, yeah it's 100% of their field of view but their field of view is zero because a line segment has no thickness. The same reason we wouldn't see anything applies to them too I would think.

 

[Office_Shredder]

Could you explain that in more detail?

To a 4-D person, a 3-D object would take up no 'volume' in their field of vision, and hence be invisible

 

[Meatbot]

To a 4-D person, a 3-D object would take up no 'volume' in their field of vision, and hence be invisible

Cool. Yeah I see that now. But it would only be invisible if the 4-d guy looks at it from 3-d guy's perspective (like a 3-d guy putting his eye in the 2-d plane). If he moved and looked at it from any other viewpoint (in 4-d) he'd see it, right?

 

[Office_Shredder]

Exactly. Similarly, if you put yourself into the flatlander's point of view, you think you can't see anything, but that's only because you're accustomed to seeing things with width

 

[Meatbot]

Exactly. Similarly, if you put yourself into the flatlander's point of view, you think you can't see anything, but that's only because you're accustomed to seeing things with width

Thanks! But why would it just appear that I can't see it? I would think I would actually not see it. How can a 1-d line ever actually appear to someone in any dimension including a 2-d guy? Why isn't 2-d guy's field of vision exactly zero? All objects would appear to be of size zero. How could you see something with zero size?

 

[Office_Shredder]

Because it doesn't have size zero. It appears that it would have size zero to you because you're used to having eyes that see into 3 dimensional space. This means you see a 2-d image, and hence to see something it needs to have area. For a 2-dimensional sight, it sees a 1-d image and hence things only need to have length in his field of vision for him to see. If you're willing to accept the existence of a 2 dimensional person, you should be willing to accept this too

 

[Math Jeans]

Math Jeans is obviously a mathematician - so doesn't see the problem, you just assume that photons are infinetly thin as well 1

Actually, I'm not a mathematician.

There is a very good sequel 'Flatterland' by Ian Stewart following Victoria's visit to a weird spherical land with three dimensions.

Yes. That is a great book.

 

[Meatbot]

For a 2-dimensional sight, it sees a 1-d image and hence things only need to have length in his field of vision for him to see.

That just doesn't seem right to me intuitively, but that doesn't mean it isn't.

I guess I don't understand why it would appear to have a nonzero size for him. I see the analogy that 3-d guy sees a 2-d plane, so 2-d guy sees a 1-d line. But it seems that there is a qualitative difference between a 2-d plane and a 1-d line in this case. I don't think it follows that because 3-d guy CAN see a 2-d plane, that 2-d guy can also see a 1-d line. A plane has area but a line doesn't. Seems to me like you need area in order to see something. I don't know...

 

[Math Jeans]

That just doesn't seem right to me intuitively, but that doesn't mean it isn't.

I guess I don't understand why it would appear to have a nonzero size for him. I see the analogy that 3-d guy sees a 2-d plane, so 2-d guy sees a 1-d line. But it seems that there is a qualitative difference between a 2-d plane and a 1-d line in this case. I don't think it follows that because 3-d guy CAN see a 2-d plane, that 2-d guy can also see a 1-d line. A plane has area but a line doesn't. Seems to me like you need area in order to see something. I don't know...

Yes, our vision covers the 2D plane, however, our vision only covers the 2D plane. A 2D flatlander DOES only see a 1D line, but you are thinking that a 2D object would be able to see into the 3D plane, in which the 1D line would be invisible, however, like the 2D plane covers 100% of vision for us, the 1D plane covers 100% of vision for a flatlander, and is all they see simply because they are 2D, and not 3D.

 

[Meatbot]

the 1D plane covers 100% of vision for a flatlander.

But why isn't it 100% of zero? It seems their field of view has zero area so they would necessarily be blind.

 

[Math Jeans]

because their eyes only see with the vision of a line. Think of it this way. Our eyes see things with the vision of a plane, while theirs see the vision of a line. Once again, a 4D entity would not be able to see a 2D image, as their eyes capture images in 3D, their vision holds a 2D image a 0% of their field of vision.

Basically, a 4D object sees in 3D, and cannot see 2D, a 3D object sees 2D, and cannot see 1D, a 2D object sees 1D, but cannot see 0D, and a 1D object sees 0D. This all happens due to the restrictions to the respective dimensions. I wish I could give visual evidence.

Read a few books on this and it might become clearer.

 

[Jimmy Snyder]

Flatland works better as a mathematical world than it does as a physical one. For instance, even though there is no third dimension to Flatland, the sphere can see Flatland. That means that photons go off in the third direction. So a physicist in Flatland wouldn't have conservation of energy to work with. Conservation of matter would be hard to justify too with spheres popping in and out at will.

There is a book called "The Planiverse" that discusses the science of a two dimensional world.

 

[DaveC426913]

The argument "how can flatlanders see each other if they have zero thickness" argues against the existence of Flatland in the first place. If things can't be seen in only two dimensions it's because they can't exist in only two dimensions.

So, with the premise that Flatland can exist, here's how:

Think of the 2D photons interacting with the 2D retina. There is no reason why this can;t work given our premise.

 

[DaveC426913]

Besides Flatland is a flop in modern "math"* classes.

My sons denounced it thoroughly, as did their teachers who were compelled to use it by the local school bored of education.

I would be very much interested in hearing the gist of the argument.

 

[Math Jeans]

Has anyone here actually read the book or only heard the concept?

 

[mgb_phys]

Available here http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/201 if you want to.

 

[Meatbot]

Think of the 2D photons interacting with the 2D retina. There is no reason why this can;t work given our premise.

Yeah...I think you're right. I see that now. Even if it the object does have zero thickness, they can still see it because their brain would register a 2-D photon hit.

 

[jim mcnamara]

I would be very much interested in hearing the gist of the argument.

Our dear bored of ed, the one who brought ID into the Science class because several members of the bored were Fundamentalist ministers, sought to mandate what books were allowable as well as what books were required reading. Neither of my kids "got" Flatland, nor did they like it. It was one of the bored's choices in the "required" category, I think. I liked Flatland myself.

They wanted to bowdlerize the content of classes in light of "the Truth". (my opinion)
There was a committee of parents who got involved with selecting and rejecting.
By the way, some of Fundie these guys are ex-members of bored now. The book mandate things kinda went away, about 5 years after my son left the system. The bored no longer micromanages the schools.

Bottom line: there was no gist of the argument, it was the duly appointed rattle-brained Mommies of America Chapter 1001 Committee For Acceptable Textbook Selection making the choices. I made up that name, can you tell?

 

[mgb_phys]

It always struck me as odd how these people are all experts only on education.

Surely God has a say in what type of steel is used in say, suspension bridge cables.
Shouldn't a local church committee of 'concerned bridge users' decide that as well?

 

[DaveC426913]

Has anyone here actually read the book or only heard the concept?

I've read the original Flatland and the new Flatterland.

I liked them both, though the original got into all sorts of socio-political metaphors that I thought were weird. The women, being of lower social status were razor-thin icosceles triangles and by law had to scream all day long when outdoors to let others know they were coming, lest some fat poly-sided aristocrat be impaled coming around a corner.


But I think Flatland is due for an overhaul. I think both stories got one fundamental thing wrong about how Flatland is built that would change things dramatically. Hint: How do Flatlanders move?

Someday I'll write that book. Or, at least, illustrate it...

 

[Math Jeans]

I've read the original Flatland and the new Flatterland.

I liked them both, though the original got into all sorts of socio-political metaphors that I thought were weird. The women, being of lower social status were razor-thin icosceles triangles and by law had to scream all day long when outdoors to let others know they were coming, lest some fat poly-sided aristocrat be impaled coming around a corner.


But I think Flatland is due for an overhaul. I think both stories got one fundamental thing wrong about how Flatland is built that would change things dramatically. Hint: How do Flatlanders move?

Someday I'll write that book. Or, at least, illustrate it...

Keep in mind, it was written in the 19th century.

 

[DaveC426913]

Keep in mind, it was written in the 19th century.

Oh I know. But frankly, that should make no difference except for the social overtones.

 

[Math Jeans]

Oh I know. But frankly, that should make no difference except for the social overtones.

Yes. But the concept of the realm that is other dimensions was new to that time period.