How can I solve the integral of tan^3(x^2)sec^4(x^2) dx?

[mathrocks]

the integral of tan^3(x^2)sec^4(x^2) dx

I've tried many different methods: getting rid of x^2, splitting up tan^3(x^2) and using the double angle formula, but for some reason it's not working for me. If someone would show me how to set it up it would be greatly appreciated.

 

[mathrocks]

anyone have any ideas?

 

[Nexus[Free-DC]]

Since tan=sin/cos and sec=1/cos express your integral as:

sin^3(x^2)
----------- dx
cos^7(x^2)

Now substitute in u=x^2 and integrate with respect to u (be careful here; don't forget to switch between dx and du!)

Hopefully that will get you started.

PS. Can someone show me how to use Tex here?

 

[ShawnD]

Since tan=sin/cos and sec=1/cos express your integral as:

sin^3(x^2)
----------- dx
cos^7(x^2)

I put that into Maple and it gave me an answer (probably by parts) that is 8 lines long and has an integral at the end. Whatever you do, don't try to integrate it by parts.


I tried to post the output latex but it doesn't work properly.

 

[mathrocks]

Since tan=sin/cos and sec=1/cos express your integral as:

sin^3(x^2)
----------- dx
cos^7(x^2)

Now substitute in u=x^2 and integrate with respect to u (be careful here; don't forget to switch between dx and du!)

Hopefully that will get you started.

PS. Can someone show me how to use Tex here?

But see, if you have u=x^2, you get du=2x dx or 1/2du=x dx which doesn't replace anything in the function.

 

[cookiemonster]

du = 2x dx

u = x^2, so x = sqrt(u), therefore

du = 2sqrt(u) dx
dx = du/(2sqrt(u))

Which can be substituted in, but that doesn't simplify the integral a whole lot. Mathematica still can't do it.

Just out of curiosity, where do you get these things?

cookiemonster

 

[Zurtex]

I have no idea how you do this, I would have chosen to go for by-parts.

http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.en.cgi gives the answer as being:

Edit: Sorry input it wrong

 

[mathrocks]

du = 2x dx

u = x^2, so x = sqrt(u), therefore

du = 2sqrt(u) dx
dx = du/(2sqrt(u))

Which can be substituted in, but that doesn't simplify the integral a whole lot. Mathematica still can't do it.

Just out of curiosity, where do you get these things?

cookiemonster

It's a take-home quiz i have for my college calc II class

 

[ShawnD]

I have no idea how you do this, I would have chosen to go for by-parts.

http://integrals.wolfram.com/index.en.cgi gives the answer as being:

$$\frac{1}{5} \sec^4 \left( \tan^3 x^5 \right)$$

I don't think that integrator even works. Here is what I input:

$$\int sin^3(x^2) dx$$

Here is what it says the answer is

$$\frac{1}{3}sin^3(x^3)$$

I don't believe that for a second. Here is what Maple says the answer is

$$-1/24\,\sqrt {2}\sqrt {\pi }\sqrt {3}{\it FresnelS} \left( {\frac { \sqrt {2}\sqrt {3}x}{\sqrt {\pi }}} \right) +3/8\,\sqrt {2}\sqrt {\pi }{\it FresnelS} \left( {\frac {\sqrt {2}x}{\sqrt {\pi }}} \right)$$

 

[Zurtex]

I don't think that integrator even works. Here is what I input:

$$\int sin^3(x^2) dx$$

Here is what it says the answer is

$$\frac{1}{3}sin^3(x^3)$$

Yes it does work it just has a temperamental input system.

When integrating $\sin^3 x^2$ you need to input exactly:

(Sin[x^2])^3

And gives the answer:

$$\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{6}} \left( 3 \sqrt{3} {\it FresnelS} \left[ \sqrt{ \frac{2}{\pi} } x \right] - {\it FresnelS} \left[\sqrt{ \frac{6}{\pi} } x \right] \right)$$


I only just worked this out my above answer was wrong.

 

[mathrocks]

Yes it does work it just has a temperamental input system.

When integrating $\sin^3 x^2$ you need to input exactly:

(Sin[x^2])^3

And gives the answer:

$$\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{6}} \left( 3 \sqrt{3} {\it FresnelS} \left[ \sqrt{ \frac{2}{\pi} } x \right] - {\it FresnelS} \left[\sqrt{ \frac{6}{\pi} } x \right] \right)$$


I only just worked this out my above answer was wrong.

wow, that's a weird looking answer...

 

[cookiemonster]

They're seriously giving this problem to you for a Calc II class? What kind of material are you covering?

cookiemonster

 

[harsh]

I am not totally sure about this, but can't you use trigonometric integrals to solve this problem. Since its a Calc II class, i think it might be the way to do this. I also think that all Calc II books have a rule when you have tan and sec in a integral, and if i recall correctly, you can sub in tan^2(x^2). I will actually look at this problem in a bit..but you can give this a shot.

 

[cookiemonster]

The problem is the x^2 inside the trig functions.

cookiemonster

 

[Zurtex]

Well I've been trying some wacky substitutions but the best I have so far is:

$$- \int \frac{1-v^2}{v^7} \sqrt{ \arccos (v) } dv$$

 

[ShawnD]

The best I've managed to do is turn everything into tan.
sec^2 (x) = 1 + tan^2(x)

Therefore,

$$\int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^4(x^2) dx= \int \tan^3(x^2) [1 + \tan^2(x^2)]^2 dx$$

$$\int \tan^3(x^2) + 2 \tan^5(x^2) + \tan^7(x^2) dx$$

It doesn't seem to be going anywhere since Maple outputs 8 lines of useless garbage; just like the original form.
Has anybody tried partial fractions yet?

 

[mathrocks]

They're seriously giving this problem to you for a Calc II class? What kind of material are you covering?

cookiemonster

So far we've covered u-sub, trig sub, integration by parts, and trig intergals. With these types of problems I'm suppose to approach it by breaking up the odd powered trig function and sub in the even powered one. So for example on this one I would have something like:

(sec^2 x^2 -1) tan x^2 sec^4(x^2) dx but again, the x^2 is messing the whole thing up. If it wasn't there I would simply have u=sec^2 (x) and du=tan x and that would make it a lot easier.

 

[cookiemonster]

Heh, I guess the only other thing I can say is are you sure that those x^2's weren't really x2's?

cookiemonster

 

[mathrocks]

Heh, I guess the only other thing I can say is are you sure that those x^2's weren't really x2's?

cookiemonster

No, they're x^2...would it make the integration any easier if I have the limits of integration? It's a definite integration problem so the function is from the interval of sqrt(pi/6) and sqrt(pi/4).

 

[NateTG]

$$\int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^4(x^2) dx= \int \tan^3(x^2) [1 + \tan^2(x^2)]^2 dx$$

How about:
$$\int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^4(x^2) dx= \int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) (1+\tan^2(x^2)) \dx$$
$$\int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) dx+ \int \tan^5(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) dx$$
Now it would be nice if we had $$2x$$ in the integrals.
$$\int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) \times 2x \times \frac{1}{2x} dx+ \int \tan^5(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) dx$$
so
$$\frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{8x} + \int \frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{2x^2}dx + \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{12x} + \int \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{2x^2}dx$$
$$\frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{8x} + \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{12x} + \frac{1}{2}\int \frac{\tan^4(x^2)+\tan^6(x^2)}{x^2}dx$$
Now let's try $$x=\sqrt{\arctan \theta}$$,$$dx=\frac{1}{(1+\theta^2)2\sqrt{\arctan \theta}}$$
$$\frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{8x} + \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{12x} + \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{(1+\theta^2)\theta^4}{2\arctan^{\frac{3}{2}}\theta (1+\theta^2)}d\theta$$
$$\frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{8x} + \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{12x} + \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\theta^4}{\arctan^{\frac{3}{2}}\theta} d\theta$$

 

[mathrocks]

How about:
$$\int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^4(x^2) dx= \int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) (1+\tan^2(x^2)) \dx$$
$$\int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) dx+ \int \tan^5(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) dx$$
Now it would be nice if we had $$2x$$ in the integrals.
$$\int \tan^3(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) \times 2x \times \frac{1}{2x} dx+ \int \tan^5(x^2) \sec^2(x^2) dx$$
so
$$\frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{8x} + \int \frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{2x^2}dx + \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{12x} + \int \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{2x^2}dx$$
$$\frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{8x} + \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{12x} + \frac{1}{2}\int \frac{\tan^4(x^2)+\tan^6(x^2)}{x^2}dx$$
Now let's try $$x=\sqrt{\arctan \theta}$$,$$dx=\frac{1}{(1+\theta^2)2\sqrt{\arctan \theta}}$$
$$\frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{8x} + \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{12x} + \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{(1+\theta^2)\theta^4}{2\arctan^{\frac{3}{2}}\theta (1+\theta^2)}d\theta$$
$$\frac{\tan^4(x^2)}{8x} + \frac{\tan^6(x^2)}{12x} + \frac{1}{4} \int \frac{\theta^4}{\arctan^{\frac{3}{2}}\theta} d\theta$$

Thanks for all the help guys, but my professor made a mistake. There's suppose to be an 'x' in front of that function...makes it sooo much easier!

 

[Zurtex]

Just a tad easier, I was looking over it again earlier and saying to myself "pfft if only there was an x in front of this make it very easy" lol...

 

[vadik]

PS. Can someone show me how to use Tex here?

visit:
https://www.physicsforums.com/misc/howtolatex.pdf

 

[cookiemonster]

!

That's one heck of a mistake!

cookiemonster