Nuclear physics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of the atomic nucleus, its composition, and the interactions and reactions of nuclear particles and radiation.
Nuclear physics has many important applications, including nuclear power generation, medical imaging and treatments, nuclear weapons technology, and materials analysis and characterization.
An atom is composed of a nucleus, which contains protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit the nucleus. The nucleus is held together by the strong nuclear force, while the electrons are held in place by the electromagnetic force.
Nuclear fission is the process of splitting a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei, while nuclear fusion is the process of combining two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. Fission is the main process used in nuclear power plants, while fusion is the process that powers the sun.
Nuclear energy is harnessed by inducing controlled nuclear fission reactions in a nuclear reactor. The heat produced from the reactions is then used to generate steam, which drives turbines to produce electricity. This process is known as nuclear power generation.