How Do You Calculate the Initial Speed of a Bullet Using Conservation Laws?

In summary, the equations of conservation of momentum and conservation of energy can be used to find an expression for the bullet's initial speed (Vb) in terms of the masses (m and M), the spring constant (k), and the maximum compression of the spring (d) when a bullet is fired into a block and the block collides with a horizontal spring on a frictionless table. By equating the kinetic energy of the bullet and the potential energy stored in the spring, the final expression for Vb is Vb = (m+M)V'/m, where V' is the final velocity of the block after the collision.
  • #1
PnotConserved
6
0

Homework Statement


A bullet of mass (m) is fired into a block of mass (M). The block with the embedded bullet slides across a frictionless table and collides with a horizontal spring whose constant is (k). The springs maximum compression (d) is measured.
Find an expression for the bullets initial speed (Vb) in terms of m, M, k, d.


Homework Equations


mv+Mv=(m+M) V`

1/2mv^2 + 1/2 kd^2 = 1/2 mv^2 +1/2 kd^2



The Attempt at a Solution



I attempted to add the equations together which got me to:
Vb = (m+M)V`
1/2mV`^2 = 1/2 kd^2

...I'm lost
 
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  • #2
Well, I think the spring starts in equilibrium so its potential energy is cero.

The block I suppose starts at rest.

I think that you can go from there tbqh
 
  • #3
You have an inelastic collision. So hopes of simply equating Kinetic energy of the bullet directly to Potential energy in the spring can't be used.

But ... The kinetic Energy of the block can be used.

That depends on its V' which you know from conservation of momentum is:

V' = Vb*m/(M + m)

So yes you do equate just as you have done.

Instead of being lost, you should merely have substituted V' with V' = Vb*m/(M + m) of your first equation and you'd have slept soundly satisfied that you had the right answer.
 

FAQ: How Do You Calculate the Initial Speed of a Bullet Using Conservation Laws?

What is the difference between momentum and mechanical energy?

Momentum is a measure of an object's mass and velocity, while mechanical energy is the sum of an object's kinetic and potential energy.

How is momentum conserved in a closed system?

In a closed system, the total momentum remains constant, meaning that the initial momentum of the system is equal to the final momentum. This is known as the law of conservation of momentum.

Can an object have momentum without having mechanical energy?

Yes, an object can have momentum without having mechanical energy. This can occur in situations where the object is stationary or has zero potential energy, but still has a non-zero mass and velocity.

How does the mass of an object affect its momentum and mechanical energy?

The mass of an object directly affects its momentum, as momentum is directly proportional to an object's mass. However, mass does not directly affect an object's mechanical energy, as mechanical energy is a combination of both kinetic and potential energy.

Can an object have a negative momentum or mechanical energy?

Yes, an object can have a negative momentum or mechanical energy. This can occur when the object is moving in the opposite direction of a chosen positive direction, resulting in a negative value for momentum or mechanical energy.

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