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The Thevenin theorem states that any linear circuit can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source in series with a resistor. This equivalent circuit is known as the Thevenin equivalent.
The Norton theorem is a similar concept to the Thevenin theorem, but instead of a voltage source, it uses a current source in parallel with a resistor to represent a linear circuit.
Thevenin and Norton equivalents are useful in simplifying complex circuits and making them easier to analyze. They also allow for easier comparison and understanding of different circuits.
To find the Thevenin equivalent circuit, you need to remove the load resistor from the original circuit and calculate the open-circuit voltage and the equivalent resistance seen from the load terminals.
To find the Norton equivalent circuit, you need to remove the load resistor from the original circuit and calculate the short-circuit current and the equivalent resistance seen from the load terminals.