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what's effective charge?
Effective charge refers to the net positive or negative charge of an atom or molecule. It takes into account both the number of protons and the presence of any surrounding electron clouds.
Effective charge is calculated by subtracting the number of inner shell electrons from the number of protons. The resulting number is the effective charge, which can be positive, negative, or zero.
Effective charge is important because it helps us understand the chemical properties of atoms and molecules. It can affect how they interact with other atoms and molecules, and can determine their reactivity and stability.
The main factors that can affect effective charge are the number of protons, the number of inner shell electrons, and the presence of any surrounding electron clouds. Other factors such as atomic size and electronegativity can also play a role.
Effective charge can be manipulated by changing the number of protons or electrons in an atom or molecule. This can be done through chemical reactions or through external influences such as electric fields.