How Does Gradient Direction Affect NMR Signal Characteristics?

In summary, the conversation discusses obtaining a one-dimensional magnetic resonance image from two water-filled cubic shaped containers using a gradient echo MRI signal. The signal has the form of Sa(t) and Sb(t) sinc functions and the time between their zeros and frequency difference are calculated. Another image is acquired with a gradient in the y-direction and the same calculations are done. The problem also involves the properties of Fourier transforms.
  • #1
johnq2k7
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0
Suppose that you obtain a one dimension magnetic resonance image from two water-filled cubic shaped containers arranged as shown below. This diagram is a cross-section of the cubic containers in the x-y plane.

figure description:
-one of cube's is 2 cm wide, the other is 1 cm wide, and the 1cm cube is on top of the
2cm cube
-y direction, and x-direction are denoted as usual

To obtain the one-dimensional image a gradient echo MRI signal is acquired while a magnetic
field gradient of 10 mT/M in the x-direction is held on. Assume that signal (S(t)) has the form
S(t) = Sa(t) exp(-i2pi*(f_a)(t) + Sb(t) exp(-i2pi*(f_b)(t) , where Sa(t) and Sb(t) are both sinc functions.

Recall that the sinc (Fsinc(t)) defined as:

F_sinc(t)= {A*sinc(pi*(delta of frequency)(t)]/ (pi*(delta of frequency)(t)

which is the Fourier Transform of a rectangular function of frequency with width delta frequency, where A is the areaunder this rectangular function

a) Determine the time between the zeros of Sa(t) and Sb(t).
b) Determine the frequency difference |fa - fb|.
c) Suppose that another one-dimensional image is acquired of the same water-filled
cubes, but this time with the 10 mT/M gradient in the y-direction. For this gradient echo
signal, determine the time between the zeros of Sa(t) and Sb(t) and determine the frequency
difference |fa - fb|.

Please help... need a lot of help here!




 
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  • #2
The forum rules require that you show your work or your attempt at solving the problem. Hint: Beyond one MRI fact, this problem is about Fourier transform properties.
 

FAQ: How Does Gradient Direction Affect NMR Signal Characteristics?

1. What is NMR signal and how does it work?

NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) signal is a physical phenomenon that occurs when atomic nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation. This process is used to study the structure and properties of molecules. It works by applying a magnetic field to a sample, which causes the atomic nuclei to align with the field. Then, a radio frequency pulse is applied, causing the nuclei to absorb energy and emit a signal that can be detected and analyzed.

2. What factors affect the strength of an NMR signal?

The strength of an NMR signal is affected by several factors, including the strength of the applied magnetic field, the type and abundance of the nuclei in the sample, and the temperature of the sample. Additionally, the number of neighboring atoms and their chemical environment can also affect the strength of the signal.

3. How is the frequency of an NMR signal related to the chemical shift?

The frequency of an NMR signal is directly related to the chemical shift, which is a measure of the difference in the resonance frequency of a nucleus compared to a reference compound. This shift is influenced by the electronic environment surrounding the nucleus, providing valuable information about the chemical structure of the molecule.

4. What is the difference between a 1D and a 2D NMR spectrum?

A 1D (One-Dimensional) NMR spectrum provides information about the frequency and intensity of a single resonance peak, while a 2D (Two-Dimensional) NMR spectrum provides additional information about the correlations between different nuclei in a molecule. This allows for more complex molecules to be analyzed and for a more detailed understanding of molecular structure.

5. What are the common applications of NMR in scientific research?

NMR is widely used in scientific research for various applications, including drug discovery, materials science, and biomedical research. It is particularly useful for determining the structure of organic compounds, studying protein structure and dynamics, and analyzing complex mixtures such as metabolites in biological samples. NMR is also used in quality control and forensic analysis in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food science.

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