Waves are disturbances that travel through a medium, such as water or air, transferring energy from one location to another without transporting matter.
There are two main types of waves: mechanical and electromagnetic. Mechanical waves require a medium to travel through, while electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum.
Waves are typically measured by their wavelength, frequency, and amplitude. Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive crests or troughs, frequency is the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given time, and amplitude is the maximum displacement of the wave.
The frequency and wavelength of a wave are inversely proportional. This means that as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, and vice versa.
Waves have many practical applications, such as in communication (radio waves), medical imaging (ultrasound waves), and transportation (sound waves in sonar technology).