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In string theory, particles is vibrating strings. However, QFT treats particles as excitations in a quantum field. Can both of these theories be correct? If so, how does them fit together?
String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to reconcile the theories of quantum mechanics and general relativity. It proposes that the fundamental building blocks of the universe are not point-like particles, as described by QFT, but rather tiny, vibrating strings. This differs from QFT, which describes particles as point-like objects with no internal structure.
String theory provides a more comprehensive and unified framework for understanding the fundamental forces of nature. It allows for the incorporation of gravity into the theory, which is not possible in QFT. It also offers a way to reconcile the discrepancies between QFT and general relativity, such as the existence of singularities.
The main principles of string theory are that all particles are made up of tiny, vibrating strings, and that the number of dimensions in the universe is not limited to the four we observe. In string theory, there are 10 or 11 dimensions, with the extra dimensions being compactified or curled up in a way that is not perceptible to us.
String theory provides a framework that can potentially unify the four fundamental forces of nature: gravity, electromagnetism, strong nuclear force, and weak nuclear force. The Standard Model of particle physics only describes three of these forces and does not include gravity. Therefore, string theory extends the Standard Model by incorporating gravity into the theory.
Currently, there is no direct experimental evidence for string theory. However, it is a promising theoretical framework that is still being actively researched and developed. Some aspects of string theory, such as the existence of extra dimensions, may be testable with future experiments, but more research and evidence is needed before it can be considered a proven theory.