Velocity is defined as the rate of change of an object's position with respect to time. It is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction.
Velocity is calculated by dividing the change in an object's position by the change in time. This can be represented by the equation v = Δx/Δt, where v is velocity, Δx is change in position, and Δt is change in time.
The velocity of an object during a collision is affected by factors such as the mass of the object, the velocity of the other object involved in the collision, and the elasticity of the collision (how much energy is conserved during the collision).
Newton's laws of motion state that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force. When two objects collide, the velocity of each object will change according to the external forces acting on them during the collision.
The velocity of colliding objects can be predicted using mathematical equations and principles, such as the conservation of momentum and the law of conservation of energy. However, the exact velocity of the objects after a collision may vary depending on factors such as the objects' shapes, materials, and any external forces present.