How Massive Must an Asteroid Be to Extend Earth's Day by 28%?

In summary, a question was posed about the mass of an asteroid needed to collide with the Earth and increase the length of a day by 28%. Two methods were attempted, one using angular momentum and the other using rotational kinetic energy, but both resulted in an absurd answer of 0.93 times the mass of the Earth. Further discussion suggested that the mass moment of inertia of the Earth would need to be adjusted after the collision to account for the added mass, and that using an energy approach may yield a more reasonable solution.
  • #36
The asteroid is a point mass: "Assume that the asteroid is very small compared to the earth" - sure it is completely unrealistic, but we can ignore that issue.

Such a massive asteroid (Mars just has 10% of the mass of earth, our "asteroid" is larger!) would change the center of rotation of earth. This makes the new moment of inertia a bit smaller than calculated before.

Also, a day 28% longer than before does not correspond to a new angular velocity 28% smaller than before.

Putting all together, I get about 12.6% of the mass of Earth for the asteroid.

18.4% with the 28%-mistake, 11.2% with the wrong center of rotation and 15.56% with both at the same time.By the way, you do not need any data about Earth (apart from the constant density) - the result is true independent of its size, mass or length of a day.
 
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  • #37
haruspex said:
BOAS, are you sure it's 28%, not perhaps 0.28%?

It's definitely 28.0%.
 
  • #38
mfb said:
Also, a day 28% longer than before does not correspond to a new angular velocity 28% smaller than before.

Ah, you're right. it's 2pi radians in 1.28*86400 seconds
 
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