An electric current is the flow of electric charge, typically carried by moving electrons, through a conductive material. It is measured in amperes (A) and is essential for the operation of electrical devices and systems.
Electrons are negatively charged particles that are found in the outer shells of atoms. When a conductive material, such as a metal wire, is connected in a closed circuit to a voltage source, the electrons are able to move from atom to atom, creating a flow of electric charge or current.
DC is a type of electric current where the flow of electrons is in one direction. It is commonly used in batteries and electronic devices. AC is a type of electric current where the flow of electrons alternates direction periodically. It is used in most household and commercial electrical systems.
The strength of an electric current is measured in amperes (A), also known as amps. This unit measures the rate of flow of electric charge, meaning how many electrons pass through a point in a conductor per second.
The strength of an electric current is affected by the voltage (V) and resistance (R) in a circuit, according to Ohm's law. Higher voltage results in a greater flow of electrons, while higher resistance reduces the flow of electrons. The material, length, and cross-sectional area of a conductor also impact the strength of an electric current.