How to change ∅ in term of x? (integration by trigonometry substitution)

In summary, the purpose of changing ∅ in terms of x is to simplify the integration process. The trigonometric function to use for substitution is determined by the expression inside the integral. The steps for integrating by trigonometric substitution include identifying the function, substituting it in the integral, simplifying with identities, and substituting back to get the final answer. The Pythagorean identity is used to eliminate ∅ and simplify the integral. There are two special cases to consider when using trigonometric substitution, involving odd powers and square roots of sums of squares.
  • #1
clifftan
3
0
the question is ∫dx/ x^2*√(x^2-1)

I use x=a sec ∅ x^2*√(x^2-1)= sec^2∅tan∅ x=sec ∅
dx= sec∅tan∅d∅

so it will become something like this ∫sec∅tan∅d∅/sec^2∅tan∅= ∫1/sec∅d∅=∫cos∅d∅
=sin∅+c
But how can i change this sin in term of x?
 
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  • #2
You said [itex]x = a \sec \theta[/itex].

Can you draw a right triangle for which this is true and solve for the lengths of each of the sides?
 

FAQ: How to change ∅ in term of x? (integration by trigonometry substitution)

What is the purpose of changing ∅ in terms of x?

The purpose of changing ∅ in terms of x is to simplify the integration process and make it easier to solve the integral. By substituting ∅ with a function of x, the integral can be transformed into a form that is easier to integrate using basic integration techniques.

How do you determine which trigonometric function to use for substitution?

The trigonometric function to use for substitution is determined by looking at the expression inside the integral. If the expression contains a square root of a difference of squares, the substitution tan(∅) = x is used. If the expression contains a square root of a sum of squares, the substitution sin(∅) = x is used. If the expression contains both a square root of a difference and a sum of squares, the substitution sec(∅) = x is used.

What are the steps for integrating by trigonometric substitution?

The steps for integrating by trigonometric substitution are:
1. Identify which trigonometric function to use for substitution.
2. Substitute the trigonometric function for ∅ in the integral.
3. Rewrite the integral in terms of ∅ and dx.
4. Use trigonometric identities to simplify the integral.
5. Integrate the simplified integral.
6. Substitute back in the original variable x to get the final answer.

What is the role of the Pythagorean identity in trigonometric substitution?

The Pythagorean identity, which states that sin²(∅) + cos²(∅) = 1, is used in trigonometric substitution to eliminate the variable ∅ and express the integral in terms of x. This identity is also helpful in simplifying the integral and making it easier to integrate.

Are there any special cases to consider when using trigonometric substitution?

Yes, there are two special cases to consider when using trigonometric substitution.
1. If the integral contains an odd power of a trigonometric function, then the substitution needs to be modified to include an additional factor of sec²(∅).
2. If the integral contains a square root of a sum of squares, the substitution needs to be modified to include a factor of √(1 + sin²(∅)) or √(1 + tan²(∅)) depending on the original expression.

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