How to Compute charge ##Q## of a particular state in free Dirac field

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In summary, to compute the charge \( Q \) of a particular state in a free Dirac field, one must utilize the conserved current associated with the Dirac equation. The charge is obtained by integrating the time component of this current over all space. Specifically, the current is derived from the Dirac field's wave function, and the charge calculation involves taking the appropriate limits and ensuring the integration accounts for the correct normalization. This process highlights the connection between symmetries and conserved quantities in quantum field theory.
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Pouramat
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Homework Statement
For a free Dirac field, how can I explicitly compute the charge ##Q## of the state ##a_{p1}^{r \dagger}a_{p2}^{s \dagger} b_{p3}^{t \dagger}|0>##.
Relevant Equations
The operator $Q$ is :
\begin{equation}
Q = \int \frac{d^3 p}{(2 \pi)^3} \Sigma_s \bigg(a_p^{s \dagger}a_p^s-b_p^ {s \dagger} b_p^s \bigg)
\end{equation}
suppose I should evaluate $$Qa_{p1}^{r \dagger}a_{p2}^{s \dagger} b_{p3}^{t \dagger}$$ I get lost in the commutator relation. Any help?
 
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Hint: You need, of course anti-commutator relations, because the Dirac field must be quantized as fermions. The goal is to bring annihilation operators to the right, so that it's acting on the vacuum state, giving 0. Note that for arbitrary operators
$$[\hat{A},\hat{B} \hat{C}]=\{\hat{A},\hat{B} \} \hat{C}-\hat{B} \{\hat{A},\hat{C} \}.$$
Further you have
$$\{\hat{a}_p^{s},\hat{a}_{p'}^{s' \dagger} \}=(2 \pi)^3 \delta^{(3)}(\vec{p}-\vec{p}') \delta_{ss'}$$
and similar for the b's. All other anticommutators vanish.

It's also intuitively clear, what the charge of this state is, since obviously any a-particle carries a charge of +1 and any b-particle (the anti-particle of the a-particle) carries charge -1. But it's a good exercise to verify this by the explicit calculation.
 
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FAQ: How to Compute charge ##Q## of a particular state in free Dirac field

What is the charge ##Q## in the context of a free Dirac field?

The charge ##Q## in the context of a free Dirac field refers to the conserved quantity associated with the invariance of the Lagrangian under a global U(1) phase transformation. It is related to the number of particles and antiparticles in the field and can be computed using the Noether current associated with this symmetry.

How do you define the Noether current for a free Dirac field?

The Noether current ##J^\mu## for a free Dirac field, corresponding to the global U(1) symmetry, is given by ##J^\mu = \bar{\psi} \gamma^\mu \psi##, where ##\psi## is the Dirac spinor field, ##\bar{\psi} = \psi^\dagger \gamma^0## is the Dirac adjoint, and ##\gamma^\mu## are the gamma matrices. This current is conserved, meaning ##\partial_\mu J^\mu = 0##.

How is the charge ##Q## related to the Noether current?

The charge ##Q## is obtained by integrating the time component of the Noether current over all space. Mathematically, it is expressed as ##Q = \int d^3x \, J^0##, where ##J^0 = \psi^\dagger \psi## is the time component of the Noether current.

What is the physical significance of the charge ##Q## in a free Dirac field?

The physical significance of the charge ##Q## in a free Dirac field is that it represents the total number of particles minus the number of antiparticles in the field. It is a conserved quantity, meaning that it remains constant over time as long as the system is isolated and no external interactions are present.

Can you provide an example of computing the charge ##Q## for a specific state in a free Dirac field?

Consider a free Dirac field in a vacuum state with a single particle of momentum ##\mathbf{p}## and spin ##s##. The field can be expanded in terms of creation and annihilation operators. For a single particle state ##| \mathbf{p}, s \rangle##, the charge ##Q## is given by ##Q = \int d^3x \, \psi^\dagger \psi##. In the case of a single particle state, this integral simplifies to ##Q = 1##, indicating the presence of one particle with charge ##+1## (for an electron, for instance) or ##-1## (for a positron).

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