How to Derive the Lagrangian for a Charged Particle in a Coulomb Potential?

In summary: The Lagrangian is L=-.5mx'^2+KQq/x.The differential equations of motion are:dL/dx=-d/dt*dL/dx'i=0dx=0dL/dqi=-d/dt*dL/dq'i=0dq=-KQq/r.The attempted solution is: L=-.5mx'^2+KQq/x.
  • #1
vsharma88
9
0

Homework Statement


A charged particle of mass m and charge q is free to move in the horizontal (x, y) plane, under
the influence of the Coulomb potential due to another charge Q that is fixed at the origin.

Find the Lagrangian and the differential equations of motion of the mass m, in terms of
Cartesian coordinates (x, y).


Homework Equations



dL/dqi - d/dt * dL/dq'i = 0
L = T - V
T = .5mv^2
V= KQq/r

The Attempt at a Solution



L = T - V

Langrangian = 0.5mx'^2 - KQq/x

dL/dx - d/dt * dL/dx' = 0
d/dx(-KQq/x) - d/dt * d/dx'(0.5mv^2)=0

-dV/dt - d/dt(mx')=0
Fx = mx''

Is this the right answer? The question asks for it to be in terms of the cartesian coordinates.
However, my answer isn't. Please Help.
 
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  • #2
Your solution is schematically ok, if you are only working in one variable. Except you mean dV/dx, right? Now just do the same thing in two variables q1=x(t), q2=y(t). T=(1/2)mv^2=(1/2)m(x'(t)^2+y'(t)^2), V=KqQ/(x^2+y^2)^(1/2).
 
  • #3
The question says that the charge can only move horizontally, so is it necessary to have the y component?
 
  • #4
vsharma88 said:
The question says that the charge can only move horizontally, so is it necessary to have the y component?

You said it's constrained to move in the (x,y) plane, right? Not just along a line.
 
  • #5
It says the charge is free to move in the horizontal (x,y) plane. Does that not mean it is only allowed to move horizontally?

A charged particle of mass m and charge q is free to move in the horizontal (x, y) plane, under
the influence of the Coulomb potential due to another charge Q that is fixed at the origin.
 
  • #6
The entire xy plane is horizontal, the z-direction would be the vertical...think of it in terms of standing on a flat earth...you can move North, West, 22 degree East by South-East and In all of these cases you are moving in the horizontal plane...it is only if you were to jump up and down that you would be moving vertically...so yes, you need to consider both x and y in your Lagrangian
 

FAQ: How to Derive the Lagrangian for a Charged Particle in a Coulomb Potential?

What is the Langrange Equation of Motion?

The Langrange Equation of Motion is a mathematical equation that describes the motion of a system by taking into account the kinetic and potential energies of the system. It is named after the mathematician and physicist Joseph-Louis Lagrange who first developed it in the late 1700s.

How does the Langrange Equation of Motion differ from other equations of motion?

The Langrange Equation of Motion differs from other equations of motion, such as Newton's Second Law or Euler-Lagrange Equations, because it is a generalized equation that can be applied to a wide range of physical systems and does not require external forces to be explicitly included.

How is the Langrange Equation of Motion derived?

The Langrange Equation of Motion is derived from the principle of least action, which states that a system will follow the path of least resistance or effort. By varying the action, which is the integral of the difference between kinetic and potential energies, with respect to the system's coordinates, the equation can be obtained.

What are the advantages of using the Langrange Equation of Motion?

One advantage of using the Langrange Equation of Motion is that it simplifies the analysis of complex systems by reducing the number of variables that need to be considered. It also allows for the incorporation of constraints on the system, such as fixed points or paths, without the need for additional equations.

What are some real-world applications of the Langrange Equation of Motion?

The Langrange Equation of Motion has many real-world applications, including in celestial mechanics, where it is used to describe the motion of planets and satellites, and in robotics, where it is used to control the movement of robotic arms. It is also commonly used in physics and engineering to model and analyze various systems.

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