How to Show the Integral of a Spherically Symmetric Potential?

It might make the exponential part easier to handle. In summary, the conversation discusses how to show that for a spherically symmetric potential, the integral of the potential over all space can be expressed as a function of the potential itself. The conversation also explores potential strategies for solving the problem, such as choosing a specific coordinate system.
  • #1
Demon117
165
1

Homework Statement


Show that for a spherically symmetric potential

[itex]\int _{all space} V(\vec{r})exp(i\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r})d\tau = \frac{4\pi}{r}\int_{0}^{\infty} V(r) sin(\kappa r)dr[/itex]


The Attempt at a Solution


Given that the potential is spherically symmetric we have azimuthal symmetry and zenithal symmetry, so that the integral reduces to

[itex]\int _{all space} V(\vec{r})exp(i\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r})d\tau = 4\pi \int _{0}^{\infty}V(r)r^{2}exp(i\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r})dr[/itex]

From here, I am not sure how to work with the exponential portion. I've thought that perhaps since this is spherically symmetric we can reduce the dot product into [itex]\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r}=kr cos(\theta)[/itex] or something of that nature, but I really don't see how this helps me. If you have any suggestions or references that would help, please let me know. Thanks in advance.
 
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  • #2
matumich26 said:

Homework Statement


Show that for a spherically symmetric potential

[itex]\int _{all space} V(\vec{r})exp(i\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r})d\tau = \frac{4\pi}{r}\int_{0}^{\infty} V(r) sin(\kappa r)dr[/itex]
That can't be right. r is a variable of integration, it can't appear outside the integral.

The Attempt at a Solution


Given that the potential is spherically symmetric we have azimuthal symmetry and zenithal symmetry, so that the integral reduces to

[itex]\int _{all space} V(\vec{r})exp(i\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r})d\tau = 4\pi \int _{0}^{\infty}V(r)r^{2}exp(i\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r})dr[/itex]
But the [itex]\exp{(i\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r})}[/itex] term spoils that symmetry, doesn't it?

From here, I am not sure how to work with the exponential portion. I've thought that perhaps since this is spherically symmetric we can reduce the dot product into [itex]\vec{k}\cdot\vec{r}=kr cos(\theta)[/itex] or something of that nature, but I really don't see how this helps me. If you have any suggestions or references that would help, please let me know. Thanks in advance.
You might try choosing a coordinate system where k lies along the z-axis, and set up the integral that way.
 

FAQ: How to Show the Integral of a Spherically Symmetric Potential?

What is a spherically symmetric potential?

A spherically symmetric potential is a type of potential energy function that has the same value at any point on a sphere that has the same distance from the center. This means that the potential energy only depends on the distance from the center and not on the direction.

What are some examples of spherically symmetric potentials?

Some examples of spherically symmetric potentials include the gravitational potential and the electrostatic potential for a point charge. These potentials have the same value at any point on a sphere around the center of mass or the point charge, respectively.

How is a spherically symmetric potential different from a non-spherical potential?

A spherically symmetric potential has the same value at any point on a sphere, while a non-spherical potential can have different values depending on the direction. This means that in a spherically symmetric potential, the potential energy only depends on the distance from the center, while in a non-spherical potential, it also depends on the direction.

What are the implications of a spherically symmetric potential in physics?

Spherically symmetric potentials have important implications in physics, particularly in the study of celestial bodies and atomic structure. They allow for simplified mathematical models and equations that can accurately describe the behavior of systems with spherical symmetry.

How is the potential energy related to the force in a spherically symmetric potential?

In a spherically symmetric potential, the force is always directed towards the center, and its magnitude is directly proportional to the negative gradient of the potential energy function. This means that the force becomes stronger as the distance from the center decreases, and weaker as the distance increases.

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